基于系统思考的我国特种设备监管压力缓解研究

A system thinking based study of reducing pressure on special equipment regulation authorities

为了解决近年来我国特种设备监管部门压力过大的问题,基于系统思考方法的特点,结合特种设备安全监管体系中各主体的责任和义务确定边界和要素,分析系统要素之间的关系,并以监管压力为研究对象,建立因果循环回路模型。结果发现,所构建的模型满足"饮鸩止渴"和"负担转移"基模,说明现有措施由于存在严重的"后遗症"而不能从根本上缓解监管压力,反而可能使其增大;促进企业自主管理,能有效缓解监管压力,然而现阶段监管措施产生的副作用限制企业自主管理的发展。

In order to solve the problem of over-stress of the governmental departments related to special equipment supervision regulation, several traditional economical and political science methods have been applied by some scholars, but less effect was obtained. Different from traditional methods, the systems thinking methods focuses on how a component interacts with the others rather than optimizing a certain aspect being studicd. This paper adopted the systems thinking method to explore how to mitigate the over-stress of special equipment supervision authorities. The archetypes of ＂drinking poison to quench thirst＂ and ＂shifting the burden＂ were applied herein. The result shows that the existing measures would intensify the pressure rather than mitigate it in the long run, that a by-effect of these measures is restricting the development of ＂self- regulation＂, and that promoting ＂self-regulation＂ in the enterprises can reduce or even eliminate the pressure.