基于水位控制的黄河三角洲退化滨海湿地恢复及其短期效应

Restoration of Degraded Coastal Wetlands Based on Water Level Regulation in Yellow River Delta and its Short-term Effects

针对黄河三角洲滨海湿地严重退化盐碱化问题,于2015年5月设计实施了微地形改造营造和水位控制相结合的生态恢复方案,并评估了恢复工程的初步效果。结果表明:生态工程实施3个月后,恢复区植被、水域和裸地面积发生显著变化,植被比例从18.8%上升到30.5%,水域比例从7.4%上升到53.2%,裸地面积从73.8%降低到16.3%,湿地的改善为鸟类提供了多样化的生境。底栖动物从无到有开始拓殖,至2015年9月已发现大型底栖动物14种。自2015年9月至2016年3月,共有35种鸟类,包括13种重点保护鸟类在该区域栖息觅食。相对于简单围封补充淡水的传统恢复方式,本研究设计的生态恢复方案效果更为显著,在该区的生态恢复和重建中具有一定的推广价值。

To restore the severely salinization-degraded coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta, an ecological restoration project combined with micro-topography modification and water-level regulation was designed and implemented in May, 2015. Meanwhile, the preliminary restoration effects in short term were assessed. Results showed that the area of vegetation, open-water and bare land changed significantly after three months. The proportions in area of vegetation and open-water increased from 18.8%, 7.4% to 30.5%, 53.2%, respectively, while bareland proportion decreased from 73.8% to 16.3%, which could provide more diverse habitats thus attract more birds. Benthonic animal began to colonize in this area, with 14 species being discovered in September, 2015. There were 35 bird species, including 13 key protected species, were recorded in the restoration area from September, 2015 to March, 2016. Compared with traditional restoration measures of simple enclosure with freshwater supplement, the designed ecological restoration project is more feasible and could be applied to ecological restoration in the Yellow River Delta.