反贫困的性别分析:基于少数民族山区贫困女性生计资源的调查

Gender Analysis on Anti-poverty:A Living Resources Investigation of Poor Women in Backward Mountainous Areas of Ethnic Minorities

在中国,山区占全国领土面积的2/3以上,由于自然条件艰苦,经济发展水平低,贫困发生率较高。少数民族山区的贫困女性更是贫困者中的弱势群体。在这个群体中,生计资源的缺乏是典型特点。可持续生计分析是目前国际反贫困的主流分析框架,采用生计分析,可以凸显以人为中心的反贫困策略。调查发现,在滇桂黔石漠化区域内的少数民族村落中,贫困女性的生计资源特点为:资源总体缺乏,品种单一;现有资源利用不足,获得方式水平较低;人力资源开发有限,社会参与愿望弱。根据这一状况,可采取"看得见人"的反贫困策略:重视性别贫困靶向的资源整合,让生计可持续;推进民族教育改革,提高生计能力;建立性别统计制度,推进社会性别主流化。

Mountainous area accounts for over two thirds of China＇s total territory,where,due to the bad natural conditions and the low level of economic development,poverty rate is relatively high.Women have a disadvantaged position in the society,and situation for those of ethnic minorities in underdeveloped mountainous area is worse.One typical feature of them is the lack of livelihood resources.The sustainable livelihood approach is the mainstream analysis framework of international anti-poverty at present.The anti-poverty strategy of people orientation can be highlighted through the approach.In this survey it can be found that in ethnic minority villages located in rocky desertification area of Yunnan,Guangxi and Guizhou,the characteristics of subsisting resources for women in poverty are as follow：overall lack of resources and few varieties of resources;lack of full utilization of existing resources,and access to them in lower level;limited human resources tapping,and weak desire of social participation.Based on such a situation,the author puts forward ＂ visible＂ anti-poverty suggestions as follows：pay attention to the resources integration targeted to gender poverty,make subsisting resources sustainable,promote the reform of national education,improve the ability of subsistence,build gender statistics system and carry forward social gender mainstreaming.