冷冻消融治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤研究现状

Research progress of cryoablation in the treatment of liver malignancy

肝癌是目前世界上最常见的癌症之一,很多患者因条件限制无法行手术切除或肝移植治疗。近年来,临床对精准微创消融技术的应用越来越多,其中冷冻消融较射频消融等热消融技术对肿瘤组织的破坏性更强,作用范围更精确,且具有异位肿瘤抑制的优点。冷冻消融可快速将局部温度降至零度以下,使癌细胞因脱水、蛋白质变性、微循环衰竭而死亡。临床研究已证实冷冻消融可对局部的肝癌组织进行安全有效的治疗,并延长患者的生存期。本文将对冷冻消融的技术更新,作用机制,预后评价,对肝癌患者的管理以及可能出现的并发症等方面的进行综述。

Currently, hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） is one of the most common cancers in the world. However, many patients cannot accept surgical resection or liver transplantation because of serious indications. In the past few years, clinical application of precise ab- lation with minimal invasion became more and more popular. Compared with radiofrequency ablation and other thermal ablation tech- niques, cryoablation is characterized by greater damage to tumor tissues, more precise action, and ectopic tumor suppression. During the therapy, local temperature can be rapidly reduced below zero and cancer cells will die because of dehydration, protein denaturation and microcirculatory failure. Clinical researchers have found that cryoablation is safe and effective on local liver cancer tissues and can pro- long the survival time of patients. This article reviewed cryoablation technique update, mechanism of action, prognosis evaluation, man- agement of liver cancer patients and possible complications.