北京市怀柔区居民传染病健康素养水平调查

Survey on the status of health literacy related to infectious diseases in residents of Huairou district, Beijing

目的 了解北京市怀柔区居民传染病相关知识知晓率和技能性健康素养水平.方法 采用多阶段随机抽样方法对怀柔区1250名18岁以上居民进行抽样和现场问卷调查,应用趋势,检验比较不同组间传染病知识和技能掌握情况的差异.结果 “预防麻疹最有效的措施是接种疫苗”的知晓率最高（82.48％）,而“发热体温标准”、“甲肝主要传播途径”、“乙肝感染途径”、“艾滋病感染途径”知识的知晓率均低于40％.“正确使用温度计”、“看懂药品说明书”、“看懂宣传折页”、“看懂化验单”、“获取传染病知识”的技能掌握率分别是69.91％、56.00％、53.28％、41.19％和38.56％.随年龄降低和文化程度增高,居民对大部分传染病知识知晓和健康技能的掌握率上升（P＜0.05）.结论 怀柔区部分居民已掌握了部分传染病相关知识和技能,然而整体健康素养水平仍有待进一步提高.老年人与文化程度低的人群为健康教育的重点人群.

Objective To assess the status of knowledge and skills related to infectious diseases among residents in Huairou District of Beijing.Methods A total of 1250 residents,aged over 18 years in Huairou district were selected with a multi-stage random sampling method.The information was collected by face to face questionnaire survey.Trend x2 test was used to compare the level of knowledge and skills about infectious disease between different groups.Results The awareness rate of ＂measles vaccination is the most effective measure for prevention of measles＂ was the highest with a rate of 82.48%.However,the awareness rates of ＂definition of fever＂,＂transmission mode of hepatitis A＂,＂transmission mode of hepatitis B＂,and ＂ transmission mode of AIDS＂ were all under 40%.The mastery rates of ＂proper use of thermometer＂,＂being able to read medicinal package insert＂,＂being able to read brochures with regard to basic knowledge about infectious diseases＂,＂being able to read laboratory test report＂,＂acquiring knowledge about infectious diseases＂ were 69.91%,56.00%,53.28%,41.19% and 38.56%,respectively.The awareness rates of knowledge and mastery rates of skills were positively associated with education level and were negatively associated with age （P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions Residents in Huairou district have mastered some of the knowledge and skills related to infectious diseases,however,need further enhancement.Health education should be taken to improve their knowledge and skills.The elderly and poorly-educated people should be especially considered.