青少年干眼症发病机制和治疗方法的研究进展

Research progress of pathogenesis and treatment method of adolescent keratoconjunctivitis sicca

目的研究分析深圳地区青少年干眼症的发病机制、症状特点以及临床治疗方法。方法 30600例深圳地区青少年作为研究对象,根据生长发育年龄分为A组（13~15周岁）、B组（16~18周岁）、C组（19~21周岁）、D组（22~24周岁）,均为7650例。分别对其开展干眼症的流行病学问卷调查、宣教以及相关眼部检查,统计分析干眼症青少年不同年龄段、用眼时间以及空气环境特点。结果 30600例干眼症患者中有3375例,患病率为11.03%;青少年干眼症发病率随年龄的升高而升高,四组比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。干眼症症状主要表现为眼睛干涩、异物感、烧灼感、流泪、眼红、畏光、痒、视物疲劳、模糊以及视力下降等。用眼时间、屈光不正、视觉终端暴露、滥用降压药物及滴眼液以及空气污染是青少年干眼症发病的高危因素。结论深圳地区青少年干眼症的发病率居高不下,防治情势十分严峻,应根据不同人群的特点,积极采取治疗干预措施,从而有效预防干眼症的发生。

Objective To research and analyze pathogenesis, symptomatic features and treatment method of adolescent keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Shenzhen. Methods A total of 30600 adolescents in Shenzhen as study subjects were divided by development ages into group A（13~15 years old）, group B（16~18 years old）, group C（19~21 years old）and group D（22~24 years old）, with 7650 cases in each group. They all received epidemiological questionnaire, education and related eye examination for statistical analysis of characteristics of age groups, eye using time and air environment. Results Among 30600 patients, there were 3375 cases with keratoconjunctivitis sicca in all subjects, with morbidity rate as 11.03%. Adolescent keratoconjunctivitis sicca showed higher morbidity rate along with increasing of age, and the difference in the four groups had statistical significance（P〈0.05）. Main manifestations of keratoconjunctivitis sicca included aningeresting, foreign body sensation, burning sensation, lacrimation, congestion, photophoby, tickle, vision fatigue, vague and vision diminution. High risk factors of adolescent keratoconjunctivitis sicca included eye using time, ametropia, visual terminal exposure, antihypertensive drugs abuse, eye drops abuse and air pollution. Conclusion High morbidity rate of adolescent keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Shenzhen shows severe prevention and treatment situation. It is necessary for active intervention measures in accordance with various population features to prevent keratoconjunctivitis sicca.