美国能源管理体制改革及其启示——基于1973年石油危机后的视角

U.S. Energy Administration System Reform After the 1973 Oil Crisis and Its Inspiration to China

1973年石油危机发生后,美国能源管理体制隐藏的问题随着石油危机暴露出来,为此美国推进市场化导向的能源管理体制改革,建立能源部、联邦能源监管委员会,并不断完善能源管理机构的主要职能。美国能源管理体制的成功改革给中国的启示有:能源管理体制要与市场化需求相符合,宏观管理、市场监管和资源管理部门分立,循渐进路径、重点突破、逐步深化。

After the 1973 oil crisis, U.S. government strengthened intervention in energy sector, which caused a certain degree of government failure. The latent problems in U.S. energy administration system emerged with the oil crisis. From then on, U.S. promoted market-oriented energy administration system reform, established Department of Energy, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, and improved main fimctions of energy administration agencies. China＇s energy administration system reform was not smooth. U.S. successful energy administration system reform can providing privations to China. Energy administration system should conform to mercerization demand. Departments of Macro-management, market regulation and resources management should be discrete. The reform should follow gradual progressive path, break through key points, deepen step by step.