美国制造业集聚与扩散的时空特征——基于空间经济学的分析

The Spatio-temporal Characteristics for the Agglomeration and Diffusion of American Manufacturing Industry——Based on the Analysis of Spatial Economics

美国制造业中心首先诞生在东北沿海地区。随着时间的推移,美国产业集聚中心依次向中西部地区、西部和南部地区转移,最终形成制造业沿大西洋和太平洋沿岸集聚的"双岸产业带"、沿五大湖地区集聚的"大湖产业带"和沿墨西哥湾集聚的"海湾产业带"。资本和劳动力的跨区域流动是产业集聚与扩散的动力机制,运输成本和市场一体化与产业集聚关系密切。决定产业集聚与扩散转移的基础是各区域面临的产业集聚的向心力和离心力之间的力量对比。由于产业集聚具有惯性和路径依赖,政府的政策干预可以打破这种路径依赖,促进产业转移,推进新产业集聚中心的形成。

The center of American manufacturing industry is born in the northeastern coastal area. As time went on, the center of industrial agglomeration transferred to the nearby Midwestern regions. Then it moved to the western and southern regions. The ＂Double Bank＂ Economic Strip along the Atlantic and the Pacific coast, ＂Lake Industrial Zone＂ along the five Great Lakes region and ＂Bay industrial belt＂ along Mexico bay are formed finally. The balance of the centripetal force and the centrifugal force in industrial agglomeration is the deciding factor of the industrial agglomeration and diffusion.