基金
Ning Ding acknowledges financial support for this paper from the China National Social Science Foundation Grant No. 14BJY173 （the project topic is Research on Risk Management and Supervision of Shadow Banking under the Interest Rate Liberalization Reforms） and the financial support from the Central Govement to the Local Higher Education （Grant No. DUFE2015GY09）.
bank profitability, efficiency, real estate loans, shadow banking
