基于潜在剖面分析的中小企业员工心理资本

The Psychological Capital of Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Employees Based on the Potential Profile Analysis

目的:对心理资本进行潜在类别划分,并从变量水平上分析心理资本类型对员工组织公民行为及抑郁情绪的影响,以及从个体差异的视角分析不同心理资本类型员工心理状态的差异。方法:运用积极心理资本问卷、抑郁问卷和组织公民行为问卷对283名中小企业员工进行测试,采用潜剖面分析法对心理资本进行分类。结果:心理资本在性别(t=2.17,P<0.05)、收入水平上(F=7.46,P<0.001)差异显著,而在年龄(F=0.61,P>0.05)和学历(F=1.85,P>0.05)上则不存显著差异;潜在剖面分析发现,本研究中小企业员工心理资本可分成贫困型、温饱型、小康型3类(Entropy=0.816,BIC=2780.24、ABIC=2723.17、AIC=2714.63、LogLikelihood=-1339.312、df=18、P<0.05),分别占19.79%、59.36%和20.85%;不同类型的员工心理资本差异显著,贫困型的员工心理资本水平最低,小康型的员工心理资本水平最高,而温饱型的心理资本水平处于小康型和贫困型之间;(3)心理资本与组织公民行为呈显著正相关,与抑郁情绪呈显著负相关;不同心理资本类型的员工在组织公民行为(F=71.57,P<0.001)和抑郁情绪(F=14.35,P<0.001)上差异显著。结论:中小企业员工心理资本分为3类,不同类型的员工心理资本差异显著,在性别、收入水平上心理资本不同、心理资本受抑郁和组织公民行为影响。

Objective：To classify the psychological capital based on latent profile analysis,study the influence of different psychological capital categories on organizational citizenship behavior and depression in terms of variable level.Methods：A sample of 283 employees from thirteen small and medium-sized enterprises was recruited to complete Positive Psychological Questionnaire（PPQ）,depressional questionnaire and organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire.Results：（1） The level of psychological capital of small and medium-sized enterprise employees was significant different on gender（t=2.17,P〈0.05）and income（F=7.46,P〈0.001）,but employees showed no age（F=0.61,P〉0.05）and education（F=1.85,P〉0.05）difference in their psychological capital.（2）The employees＇ psychological capital fell into three types：Poverty type,food and clothing type,wellbeing type（Entropy=0.816,BIC=2780.24,ABIC=2723.17,AIC=2714.63,LogLikelihood=-1339.312,df=18,P〈0.05）;the percent of which were19.79%,59.36% and 19.79% respectively;the first type demonstrated the lowest degree of psychological capital,followed by the other two types.（3） Psychological capital had a significant negative relationship with organizational citizenship behavior and a significant positive relationship with depression;the employees with different types of psychological capital showed a significant difference in their organizational citizenship behavior（F=71.57,P〈0.001）and depression（F=14.35,P〈0.001）.Conclusion：There are three types of psychological capital in small and medium-sized enterprises.Psychological capital is different between different types of employees,gender,income,and is influenced by depression and organizational citizenship behavior.