陀思妥耶夫斯基小说中的民间叙事

The folk narration in Fyodor Dostoevsky's works

陀思妥耶夫斯基的创作受民间文学因素的影响,其作品中包含着丰富的民间文学养料。早期作品《穷人》和《死屋手记》不仅直接借鉴民间文学的体裁样式,还运用大量民间词语;后期作品《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》则更关注能直接表达人民宗教伦理观念的民间叙事体裁。作品借用民间创作的各种诗学表达方式,既符合作家的宗教道德理念,又体现了其创作主旨:密切关注现实,揭示俄罗斯人的灵魂,弘扬民间信仰。

Influenced by the key elements of folk literature,the writing of Dostoevsky is a treasure house of folk literature. Poor Folk and The House of the Dead,two of his early works,not only directly use the form of folk literature,but also draw on a large number of words from the folk lexicon. Brothers Karamazov,the masterpiece of his last days,pays closer attention to the form of folk narratives that advocate directly the ethical ideas of folk religion. Drawing on various poetic presentations of folk literature,the works are in accordance with the author's religious and moral principles and also reveal the theme of his writing: paying close attention to reality,uncovering the secrets of the Russian soul and popularizing the folk belief.