《美国国家环境政策法》及其在气候诉讼中的适用

The national Environmental Policy Law of the United States and its Application in Climate Action

由于美国政府与国会在应对气候变化问题上持消极态度,人们将气候变化斗争的舞台转移到法庭,期望通过诉讼的形式推动政府和大型能源企业积极应对气候变化问题。相关诉讼大量出现,并逐渐形成一种特殊的诉讼类型,即气候变化诉讼。其中《国家环境政策法》是气候变化诉讼中原告使用的最重要的法律武器之一。《国家环境政策法》中规定了与气候变化诉讼关系较为密切的环境影响评价制度。该制度要求联邦机构对于"显著影响人类生存环境质量的主要联邦行动,应编写详细的环境影响报告书(EIS)"。地球之友、绿色和平、博尔德市等诉美国进出口银行和美国海外私人投资公司案是与这一法律相关的典型案件。本文试对该法律文本与判例进行评析。

Because of change, people turn to energy enterprises act the negative attitudes of the U.S. government and Congress on the issue of climate the court to fight against climate change they expect to drive the government and actively to climate change by litigation. Related litigation have sprung up, and gradually formed a special type of action named ＂Climate Change Litigation＂. The National Environmental Policy Act ＂is one of the most important legal weapons, which provides for Environmental Impact Assessment. The EIS requires federal agencies to take ＂strict scrutiny＂ for major federal actions that significantly affect the quality of the living environment of mankind friends of the Earth. The case of Greenpeace, Boulder v. United States Export-Import Bank and the United States Overseas Private Investment Corporation is the typical case to explain the law, which will be comment in the paper.