海口市农村地区老年人慢性病及知晓现状调查

Investigation on chronic disease condition and awareness among the rural elderly in Haikou

目的了解海口市农村地区老年人的慢性病及相关知识知晓现状,为探索老年人健康的社区干预和慢性病防治措施提供参考依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法对海口市农村地区1 973名老年人进行访谈、问卷调查,并汇总分析。结果海口市农村地区老年人小学及小学以下文化程度比例为81.7%,73.2%老人与子女同住,62.0%老人生活能自理;吸烟率为10.7%,饮酒率为9.4%,经常锻炼率为48.6%,自觉口味偏咸率为9.2%;慢性病总患病率为54.2%,男女患病情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),年龄间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),80岁及以上患病率最高,为64.2%;慢性病相关健康知识整体知晓率为46.1%,知晓率较高的条目为"世界卫生组织提出的健康四大因素"(72.8%)和"高血压诊断标准"(54.2%),"吸烟有关疾病"条目的知晓率最低(11.9%);老年人获取健康知识的主要途径为医护人员(70.2%)和社区健康教育(24.4%)。结论海口市农村地区老年人健康知识知晓状况有待进一步改善,应积极探索健康教育及健康促进的新模式,为农村地区居民的健康干预提供依据。

Objective To understand the current status of chronic diseases and awareness of related knowledge amongthe rural elderly in Haikou City, so as to provide the evidence for exploring the community intervention and chronic diseaseprevention and control measures for them. Methods A total of 1 973 rural elderly people were selected by the multi-stagestratified cluster sampling method and investigated with the interview and questionnaire in Haikou City. Results Totally81.7% of participants were under-educated, 73.2% of them lived with their children, and 62.0% of them could live on theirown. The smoking rate, alcohol consuming rate, regular exercise rate and the rate of high intake of salt were 10.7%, 9.4%,48.6% and 9.2% respectively. The total chronic disease prevalence was 54.2%, and there was no significant difference betweenthe male and female elderly in the chronic disease prevalence（P〉0.05）, while there was a significant difference among the agegroups（P〈0.001）. The group aged 80 years or over ranked firstly in the chronic disease prevalence（64.2%）. The overallawareness rate of chronic disease related health knowledge was 46.1%, and among the sub-items, the relatively high awarenessrates were＂four factors of health by WHO＂（78.2%） and＂diagnostic criteria of hypertension＂（54.2%）, but the lowest highawareness rate was＂smoking related diseases＂（11.9%）. The main approaches of acquiring health knowledge were theconsultation with doctors and nurses（70.2%）, and community health education（24.4%）. Conclusion The current status ofthe awareness of health knowledge among the rural elderly is poor in Haikou City, and therefore, the new mode of healtheducation and promotion should be explored to improve the health interventions for them.