马铃薯多抗亲本的分子标记辅助筛查

The Molecular Markers Assisted Screening of Multiple Resistance Potato Parents

Rx是对马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)X病毒(PVX)有极端抗性的重要基因,Ry_(agd)和Ry_(chc)是分别对马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)有极端抗性的两个重要基因,R1、R2和R3b是对马铃薯晚疫病有垂直抗性的三个重要基因,H1是对马铃薯孢囊线虫有极端抗性的重要基因。利用7个与马铃薯抗性基因相连锁的分子标记(Rxsp,RYSC3,Ry186,R1,R2-800,R3b和N146)分别对云南农业大学薯类所收集引进的云南地方品种、省外引进品种(系)、国外引进品种(系)和省内栽培品种(系)进行了基于PCR的检测,目的是筛选多抗品种(系),同时为马铃薯分子标记聚合辅助育种提供参考。结果显示,32个地方品种中有22个不含任何标记,占其总品种(系)数的68.75%,其他10个所含标记较单一,最多的地方品种老家洋芋只同时含两个标记;48个省外品种(系)有中有17个不含任何标记,占其总品种(系)数的35.42%,其他31个所含标记比较丰富,品系L0527-4同时含四个标记;32个国外品种(系)中只有6个不含任何标记,仅占其总品种(系)数的18.75%,其他26个所含标记比较丰富,而且检测出了国内品种(系)中很少检测出的Ry186和N146标记;28个省内品种(系)中有6个不含任何标记,占其总品种(系)数的21.43%,其他品种(系)所含标记丰富,品种丽薯12号同时含四个标记。在育种中可以结合农艺性状评价将筛选出来含多个不同抗性标记的材料作为骨干亲本用于进行聚合育种,在F1代实生苗阶段进行分子标记检测,结合田间表现,创造出多抗材料。同时引入国外PVY抗性基因Ry_(chc)和孢囊线虫抗性基因H1,提高品种抗性。

Rx is important gene with extreme resistance to PVX in potato（Solanum tuberosum L.）, Ryagdand Rychcare important genes with extreme resistance to PVY in potato, R1, R2 and R3 b are important genes with extreme resistance to potato late blight in potato, H1 is important gene with extreme resistance to potato cyst nematode in potato. Seven molecular markers（Rxsp, RYSC3, Ry186, R1, R2-800, R3 and N146） which linkage with potato resistance genes were used to screen native varieties（lines） and cultivated varieties（lines） from Yunnan provinces,other provinces and foreign countries by PCR. The purpose is to select multi-resistant varieties（lines） and to provide foundation for MAS in potato. The results showed that 22 of 32（68.75%） native varieties（lines） did not have any molecular markers, ‘Lao Jia potato’which had more markers tested contained two molecular markers only; The molecular markers of ten other varieties were unitary. 17 of 48（35.42%） varieties（lines） from other provinces did not have any molecular markers. Among the L0527-4 had four markers. 6 of 32（18.75%） varieties（lines） from foreign countries do not have any molecular markers. The molecular markers of thirty one other varieties were very various. The molecular markers of twenty six other varieties are various. Among them, the Ry186 and N146 markers which were very rare in varieties（lines） from domestic. 6 of 28（21.43%） cultivated varieties（lines） from Yunnan did not have any molecular markers. The ‘Lishu12’have four markers. The others are various, in the breeding process the materials with the reference information of agronomic traits which contain a number of different resistance markers can be acted as core parents in pyramiding breeding. The F1 seeding plants can be tested with molecular markers, combining with the field performance, creating multiple resistances materials.Through introducing the PVY resistance gene Rychcand the potato cyst nematode Globoderarostochiensis resistance gene H1, the resistance of varieties（lines） can be improved.