黄芪及其代用品ISSR鉴定分析

Identification of Astragali Radix and Its Substitutes by ISSR Markers

黄芪是中国传统补气良药,民间常用红芪和红黄芪混淆替代黄芪使用。为了准确鉴别四种药用植物,采用ISSR标记技术进行遗传分析。研究结果表明:蒙古黄芪、膜荚黄芪、多序岩黄芪和红花岩黄芪4个种群总体水平的Nei's基因多样性指数为0.365 2,Shannon多样性指数为0.543 2,观测等位基因数为2.024 7,有效等位基因数为1.631 6,种群遗传多样性丰富。物种间遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.370 9,基因流(Nm)为0.848 1。种间基因交流较少,遗传分化明显。4个黄芪种群分为两大类,蒙古黄芪与膜荚黄芪聚为一大类,归于黄芪属;红花岩黄芪与多序岩黄芪聚为一大类,归为岩黄芪属。每一大类中的两支,与植物学分类基本吻合。通过ISSR分析,直接将红芪、红黄芪与黄芪药材鉴别出来,能全面、准确、高效地鉴别出黄芪及其代用品,对黄芪药材的研究、应用具有重大意义。

Astragali Radix is the traditional psych-increasing medicine, commonly used in Hedysari Radix and Root of Multijugate Sweetvetch instead of Astragalus. In order to accurately identify four medicinal plants, ISSR markers were used for genetic analysis. The results showed that four Provenances of A. membranaceus mongholicus,Astragalus membranaceus Bge., Hedysarum polybotrys and Hedysarum multijugum, the Nei’s gene diversity index was 0.365 2, Shannon’s diversity index was 0.543 2 and the observed allele was 2.024 7. The number of alleles was1.631 6, and the population genetic diversity was rich. The coefficient of gene differentiation（Gst） was 0.370 9and the gene flow（Nm） was 0.848 1. Interspecific gene exchange is less, genetic differentiation is obvious. Four populations were divided into two groups. A. membranaceus mongholicus and Astragalus membranaceus Bge.clustered together into Astragalus. Hedysarum polybotrys and Hedysarum multijugum, clustered into a large group and belonged to Astragalus genus. Two of each category mostly were the same as abotany classification. Hedysari Radix and Hedysarum multijugum directly distinguished from Astragali Radix can be used to identify Astragali Radix and its substitutes comprehensively, accurately and efficiently, which is of great significance to the research and application of Astragali Radix according to ISSR.