两代农民工的社区公平感有何不同?——农民工融入城市社区背景下的经验研究

What is the Difference between Two Generations of Migrant Workers in the Sense of Community Fairness?——An Empirical Study on the Integration of Migrant Workers into the Urban Community

随着农民工代际转换的加速,这一群体内部的公平偏好也出现较大差异,目前关于农民工公平感代际差异的研究集中在社会态度、经济地位、工作关系等宏观和中观层面,对基于社区场域的微观公平体验的代际比较则鲜有涉及。本文基于农民工社区公平感维度构成及影响因素的分析框架,采用模糊数学、分位数回归等方法系统分析了两代农民工社区公平感水平的差异及影响因素。研究发现,农民工的社区公平感水平偏低,新生代农民工的公平感整体上高于第一代,二者差距主要体现在互动公平感上。两代农民工社区公平感的影响机制出现分化,在比较维度上表现为第一代农民工社区公平感的"农民"身份偏好和新生代农民工的"社区成员"身份偏好,以及"暂居者"身份认知对社区公平感正向影响的代际分位差异;在体验维度上突出表现为适应程度对新生代农民工社区公平感的马太效应。研究可为推动针对农民工微观融入公平政策的分类细化和精准供给提供一定的实证依据。

The objective of this paper is to measure and analyze the differences and influencing factors of the two generation of migrant workers' sense of community fairness. This paper uses the data set of 1413 samples from a micro survey. In addition, a quantitative study, involving fuzzy math and quantile regression analysis, was conducted. Based upon analyzing, we find that migrant workers' sense of fairness in the community is low, the new generation of migrant workers' sense of fairness is higher than the first generation, the gap between this two is mainly reflected in the interactive sense of fairness. The factors that affect the fairness of the two generations of migrant workers have been differentiated. In the comparative dimension, the first generation of migrant workers' sense of community fairness has a 'farmer' identity preferences. However, the new generation of migrant workers has a 'community members' identity preferences, at the same time 'temporarily' identity has a positive impact on the intergenerational differences in community fairness of migrant workers. In the experiential dimension, the adaptability of the new generation of migrant workers has a positive effect on the improvement of the sense of fairness. The main limitation of this study is that the existence of subjective variables makes the empirical research may face some endogenous problems. Moreover, in the questionnaire survey, it is also needed to further improve the more representative community level variables. This paper provides a new insight to observe the fair experience of migrant workers from the perspective of micro community, and further refine the comparative dimension of migrant workers' micro fair experience. Besides, this research can provide some empirical evidence for the classification and the precise supply of migrant workers' micro fair policy.