政府干预农地流转市场会加剧农村内部收入差距吗?——基于江苏省四个县的调研

Does Government Intervention on Farmland Rental Market Lead to Rural Income Inequality?

政府干预农地流转市场对农民收入分配的影响直接衡量政府政策的公平性。本文将政府农地流转市场干预政策划分为政府农地流转中介组织、行政命令、补贴三种类型。在理论分析的基础上,以江苏省四县的村级和农户调研为例,实证考察了政府不同干预政策对农民收入不平等的影响。结果发现,政府不同市场干预政策对农民收入不平等的影响存在差异,政府农地流转组织服务降低了农民收入差距,而与农地流转规模直接挂钩的补贴和以强制为特征的行政命令会加剧农民收入差距;政府干预农地流转对农民要素收入不平等的影响方向不同,政府干预增加了来自土地要素收入的不平等程度,但降低了农民来自非农劳动力收入的不平等程度。总体而言,政府干预农地市场一定程度上缓解了农村内部收入差距。从优化农村内部收入分配关系的角度,本文建议政府农地市场干预政策应当以组织服务为主,并清理不合理的行政干预政策。同时,将农地流转和规模经营的直接补贴转变为对农地和农民生产技能和非农就业技能培训补贴。

Household income distribution effect of government intervention on farmland rental market directly measures the equality of public policy. This paper theoretically analyses the impact of government policies including organization service, subsidies and administrative order on farmers' income inequality based on transaction cost theory, and using household and village survey data investigated from Jiangsu Province empirically test our hypothesis. Results show that distinctive impact exists on household income inequality under different market intervention policies. Government land transfer organization service can reduce their income gap,while administrative order characterized by force and subsidies directly linked to farmland circulation scale have positive effect on rural income inequality. Besides, this paper also finds that government intervention policies have different impact on household source income inequality. Household land income inequality has been expanded under government intervention while non-farm la-bor income inequality has been eased. Totally, rural income inequality has been eased to some extent with government intervention on farmland rental market. From the prospective of optimizing rural income distribution relations,this paper suggests that government's land rental market internment policies should concentrate on provide better service and management, thus unreasonable intervention policies should be rectified. Meanwhile, subsidies addressing to farmers' agricultural production skills and employment training should be encouraged, thus reducing the distortion on farmland market and farmers' income distribution of direct subsidies.