芘、镉单一及复合污染胁迫下土壤生态功能稳定性的影响机制

Mechanism of Soil Eco-Functional Stability Under Pyrene/Cadmium Simplex and Combined Pollution Stress

当前我国土壤污染的形势已十分严峻,各种污染物进入土壤导致农产品生态安全问题已不容忽视,土壤污染问题亟待解决.本研究将土壤的抵抗力、恢复力及稳定性作为土壤质量的评价指标,对土壤施加不同含量(含量比)梯度的芘(PYR)、镉(Cd)单一及芘/镉(PYR/Cd)复合污染,分别从微生物活性、多样性和丰富度方面对土壤生态系统进行系统的描述,并构建模型来描述Sb与PYR、Rt与Cd的剂量-效应关系.结果表明,不同类型污染物在土壤的扩散过程中均会对土壤DOC含量造成一定程度的削减,且在PYR/Cd复合污染中污染物的含量比值与DOC含量的降低速度呈反比例关系;PYR、Cd单一污染处理下,土壤微生物量和微生物菌落数均随着污染物含量的增加而降低;在PYR/Cd复合污染中,PYR/Cd比值大小与Rt呈负相关且其中Cd对微生物的抑制作用占有主导地位;此外本研究对显著相关的两组数据:PYR含量与稳定性、Cd含量与抵抗力构建了回归预测模型,其中二项式模型均可较好描述PYR、Cd胁迫下与上述稳定性参数的剂量-效应关系.

In current scenario,the soil pollution has become very severe and its effects on agricultural and ecological security issues cannot be ignored as various contaminants are discharged into soil. Thus,the soil pollution is exigent and has to be solved. This research took soil resistance（ Rt）,resilience（ Rl） and stability（ Sb） as evaluation indexes for judging soil quality by exerting different concentration（ concentration ratio） gradient of pyrene（ PYR）,cadmium（ Cd） and pyrene/cadmium（ PYR/Cd） combined pollutants.A sympathetic description was showed from the aspects of microbial activity,diversity and abundance of soil ecosystem,and the models were constructed to describe the dose-response relationship between PYR-Sb and Cd-Rt. The research showed that different types of pollutants had certain inhibition on soil DOC content. In Cd and PYR simplex pollution,soil microbial mean biomass and colony number decreased with increasing concentration of pollutants. In PYR/Cd combined pollution,the ratio of PYR and Cd had a negative correlation with the decreasing rate of DOC and resistance,meanwhile Cd had a prominent influence on the above-mentioned correlations,in other words,the soil with higher concentration of Cd had lower DOC decrease rate and resistance,and Cd would have dominant inhibition effect on microorganisms under PYR/Cd combined pollution. In addition,this study found the significant correlation of cPYR-Sb and cCd-Rt,and built the binomial forecasting model to describe the dose-response relationship of cPYR-Sb and cCd-Rt.