气候因素对自发性气胸发病的影响

Influence of Climatic Factors on the Incidence of Spontaneous Pneumothorax

目的分析自发性气胸发病的时间规律,研究气压、风速等气候因素对自发性气胸发病的影响。方法收集沈阳医学院附属中心医院2011年1月1日至2015年12月31日门诊及住院的自发性气胸门诊及住院患者593例,记录5年间日平均气压及风速数据,分析自发性气胸发病的时间规律及其与大气压、风速变化的关系。结果沈阳地区自发性气胸发病具有明显季节性,原发性自发性气胸每年3、4月份高发,继发性自发性气胸气胸每年11、12月份高发。自发性气胸发病日及前1 d气压差低于非气胸发病日气压差0.6 h Pa,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);自发性气胸发病日风速明显高于非气胸发病日[分别为(9.46±6.33)m/s、(7.11±5.47)m/s,P<0.001]。结论自发性气胸发病时间有明显聚集性,大气压急剧下降及风速明显增大对自发性气胸发病具有重要影响。

Objective To analyze the onset time rule of spontaneous pneumothorax, and investigate the influence of climatic factors such as atmospheric pressure, wind speed, etc. on the onset of spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods Five hundred and ninety-three patients of spontaneous pneumothorax in Cenral Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College were enrolled for this study between January 1,2011 and December 31, 2015. The data of the average daily atmosphere pressure and wind speed in five years were recorded. The relationship between the onset of spontaneous pneumothorax and the change of the atmosphere pressure and wind speed was analyzed. Results The incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax in Shenyang area was obvious seasonal. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax episodes were observed mostly in spring and in March and April ; Second spontaneous pneumothorax episodes were observed mostly in winter and in November and December. The difference in mean atmospheric pressure was 0.6 hPa lower than on days in which no spontaneous pneumothorax occurred. This difference was statistically significant （P = 0.015）. We observed significantly higher average wind speed on days with SP versus days without （9.46±6.33 m/s vs 7.11 ±5.47 m/s, P 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion Spontaneous pneumothorax has obvious aggregation of onset time. A sharp drop in atmospheric pressure and increases in wind speed has important influence on the incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax.