株洲市一起学校细菌性痢疾暴发疫情的调查分析

Analysis on an outbreak of bacillary dysentery in a school in Zhuzhou

目的调查株洲市一起学校细菌性痢疾暴发疫情的流行特征及原因,为防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用流行病学和卫生学方法进行现场调查,对病例标本、饮用水水样进行细菌分离培养。结果本次疫情历时5 d,发生病例73例,罹患率为12.54%。男女生罹患率之间无统计学差异,而住校生的罹患率明显高于走读生。从13例病例粪标本和1份饮用水水样中检出宋内氏志贺菌。学校自供饮用水受到污染是本次疫情爆发的原因。结论本次疫情是一起由宋内氏志贺氏痢疾杆菌引起的以介水传播为主的菌痢爆发。因此,加强学校饮用水的监管和消毒,提高师生饮用水卫生知识的健康教育极其必要。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and causes of an outbreak of bacillary dysen- tery in a nine-year school in Zhuzhou city and to provide scientific basis for effective prevention. Methods Descriptive epidemiological approaches and field hygienic survey were conducted to identify the cause of the incident. The stool samples from patients with diarrhea and water samples from water supply system of the school were collected to examine pathogenic bacteria. Results During the 5days outbreak, a total of 73 cases occurred with the attack rate of 12.54 %. It was not statistically significant between different genders of students.However, the attack rate for resident students was higher than that for non-resident students. Shigella sonnei was detected from 13 stool samples and 1 water sample. The results of field hygienic survey showed the outbreak of bacillary dysentery was caused by contaminated drinking water in the school. Conclusions The outbreak of Shigella sonnei dysentery was caused by polluted drinking water. It is necessary to enhance water surveillance and disinfection, promote health education on drinking water hygiene among teachers and students.