乐山市城市家庭主妇营养知识认知现状饮食习惯调查及态度分析

Cognitive status quo of nutritional knowledge in urban housewives of Leshan City,dietary habit investigation and attitude analysis

目的通过问卷调查了解乐山市城市家庭主妇对营养知识的掌握情况、饮食习惯及态度,为有针对性地开展健康教育宣传提供依据。方法 2015年2月3~9日根据居民小区的地理分布,采用分层随机抽样的方法,对400名乐山市城市家庭主妇进行面对面询问式调查。结果乐山市家庭主妇营养知识知晓率为33.00%(132/400);家庭主妇营养知识的知晓率受户籍所在地、文化程度、职业、家庭人均收入等影响(P<0.05)。家庭主妇每周5 d以上吃蔬菜、水果、肉类的比例较高,超过70.00%;而每周5 d以上吃蛋类、牛奶及其制品和每周3 d以上吃豆类及其制品食用频率均不高(分别为21.50%、18.25%和25.75%),其中牛奶及其制品和豆类及其制品在50岁及其以上女性食用频率最低(均低于50.00%)。家庭主妇中每天饮水量大于或等于1 200 m L的仅有17.00%。在家庭主妇愿意了解的营养学知识中,食物的正确烹饪及食品卫生知识方面占比最高,为20.25%和21.00%。家庭主妇主要愿意通过广播、电视获取营养知识,为48.75%。结论乐山市家庭主妇营养知识知晓率普遍较低,饮食习惯有待改善,应采取有针对性的措施进行相关方面的健康教育宣传,尤其是农村、低收入、低学历的居民。

Objective To understand the master situation of nutritional knowledge,dietary habits and altitude in urban housewives of Leshan City by the questionnaire investigation in order to provide a basis for pertinently carrying out related health education publicit. Methods Four hundreds urban housewives were performed the face to face inquiry investigation according to the geographic distribution of residential areas and by adopting the stratified randomized sampling method in February 3-9,2015.Results The awareness rate of nutritional knowledge in 400 urban housewives of Leshan City was 33.00%（132/400）; the awareness rate of nuitritional knowledge was affected by the place of domicile,degree of education,occupation,household income per capita and so on（ P〈0. 05）. The ratio of housewives eating vegetables, fruits and meat above 5 d a week was high, which exceeded 70.00%; while the eating frequency of eggs every 5 weeks or more,milk and its products,beans and derived products every 3 weeks or mork was not high（21.50%,18.25% and 25.75% respectively）,in which the eating frequency of milk and its products,and beans and derived products in females aged 50 years old or more was lowest（under 50.00%）. The housewives with daily water-drinking amount ≥1 200 m L only accounted for 17.00%. In the nutritional knowledge which housewives willing to understand, the correct cooking of foods and food hygiene knowledge had highest proportion（20.25%,21.00%）. Housewives mainly tended to get nutrition knowledge through radio and television,which accounted for 48.75%. Conclusion The awareness rate of nutritional knowledge in Leshan housewives is generally low,the eating habits need to be improved,and the targeted measures should be taken to carry out the relevant health education publicity,especially in rural residents with low income and low education.