西方国家的逆全球化危机和“驯服”全球化

The Deglobalization Crisis in the West and “Taming” Globalization

当前,在全球范围内正在兴起一场逆全球化浪潮。对其起因的认识不尽相同,有的认为是经济危机引燃民粹主义和极端主义,有的则强调所谓文化焦虑及其背后的社会政治转型因素。全球化具有双重属性。一方面,技术革新、社会组织模式和思维方式的变革在更深层次上促进了效率提升和财富增长。另一方面,全球化又会破坏社会稳定和加剧不平等。就全球化的负面影响而言,一是政府有效管理更加困难,巨型企业拥有了不弱于主权国家的权力,以至于传统国家和社会在面临挑战时无能为力;二是距离的拉近使得不同国家和地区更容易相互影响、引发混乱,造成人们的不安全和焦虑感;三是全球化天然地具有加剧不平等的倾向,这种倾向源于现实世界的不平等。本文认为,西方国家出现的逆全球化浪潮是多个因素长期作用的结果,将其简单归因于全球化有失公允,真正的问题在于对全球化的应对不力。世界要走出危机、重现经济繁荣并克服全球化的可能负面效应恰恰要依靠更深层次的全球化。

A wave of deglobalization is arising worldwide.There are different views about its root: some believe it is because the economic crisis ignites populism and radicalism while others highlight cultural anxiety and social political transformation.Globalization is a double-edged sword.On the one hand,technological innovation and major changes in social organizations and thoughts have improved efficiency and generated more wealth.On the other hand,globalization undermines social stability and exacerbates inequality.Governments face bigger challenges because titan enterprises are almost as powerful as governments.Shortened distances in the globalization era make it easier to for human beings to influence each other.This paper argues that the deglobalization trend in the West is an accumulative result of multiple factors.The real problem lies in inadequate management of the negative effects of globalization.The only way to counteract these negative effects is in fact greater globalization in width and scope.