反补贴语境下的国有企业定性问题研究

Identification of State-owned Enterprises in the Context of Countervailing Rules

国有企业定性问题,本质是国有企业商业属性之争。这是中美等国在多边经贸规则立法和司法层面进行反复博弈的问题。美国主张将国有企业视为公共机构,因不符合对公共机构所作的条约解释,而未获得WTO上诉机构的支持,故其试图通过推动多边经贸规则的升级重构,将国有企业定性为补贴提供者的观点再次"多边化"。同时,美国主张从补贴受益人角度区分国有企业与私人企业,建立补贴纪律双轨制。美国关于国有企业定性问题的观点和措施,尽管披有国际法外衣,但本质上是所有制歧视,中国应依托以WTO为核心、非歧视的多边贸易体制加以反制。

The identification issue of state-owned enterprises is naturally the disputes about the commercial characteristic of SOEs both in the law-making level and judicial level of multilateral trading system. By taking advantage of incompleteness of the definition of public body in the SCM agreements, US DOC regards every SOE as a public body in domestic CVD investigation and advocates that the criterion of State Ownership and Control should be applied in each determination of public body. On the other hand, while pushing the upgrading of multilateral trading system, US multilateralized its opinion that SOEs should be regarded as public bodies and built difference subsidy discipline on SOEs and private enterprises. China could take countermeasures based on the current multilateral trading system.