人参挥发油研究

Advances in the research on volatile oil from ginseng

人参在增强记忆力、提高免疫力、改善心血管、延缓衰老和抗肿瘤等方面均有显著的药理作用。人参中的主要有效成分包括人参皂苷、人参多糖、氨基酸及挥发油等。通过查阅国内外文献,从化学成分、提取方法、质量评价和药理作用等方面对多年来人参挥发油的研究进展进行归纳。人参挥发油的提取方法主要有索氏提取法、冷浸法、超声法、超临界CO_2萃取法等;人参挥发油的主要化学成分为烷烃类、酯类、烯类等,其中倍半萜烯约占人参挥发油的40%,具有人参特异香气,常用气相—质谱联用技术对挥发油进行质量评价;人参挥发油具有镇静、抑菌、抗癌及改善心肌缺血等药理作用,但将人参挥发油应用制剂中的报道甚少。

Ginseng has significant pharmacological effects on enhanced memory, strengthen immunity, improving cardiovascular, anti-aging and anti tumor. The main active ingredients of ginseng include ginsenoside, ginseng polysaccharide, amino acid,volatile oil and so on. To review literature from home and abroad, inducing the research progress of the volatile oil of ginseng in recent years from the aspects of chemical composition, extraction method, quality evaluation and pharmacological action.By consulting the domestic and foreign literature, in this paper, the research progress on the volatile oil of ginseng has been summarized for many years, including chemical composition,extraction method, quality evaluation and pharmacological action, etc. The main extraction methods of volatile oil in ginseng include Soxhlet extraction,soaking method,ultrasonic method and supercritical CO2 extraction. The main chemical components of the volatile oil of ginseng contain alkanes,esters,acrolein. Among them, sesquiterpenes accounted for about 40% of the volatile oil of ginseng, it has specific aroma, hyphenated techniques to evaluate the quality of volatile oil commonly used GC-MS technology.volatile oil of ginseng has the pharmacological effects of sedative, antibacterial, anticancer and improving myocardial ischemia, but it was rarely reported that used in the preparation of ginseng volatile oil.