引述回应格式“还X(呢)”的否定焦点、语用功能与固化动因

The Negation Focus, Pragmatic Function and Solidification Motivation of Quotative Responsive Construction "Hai+X+(Ne)"

汉语口语表达中的常用格式"还X(呢)"可被界定为表否定的引述回应格式。句子、短语,到词,甚至是语素、字母等都可以被说话人加以引述,显示出"还X(呢)"格式具有较强的引述功能。"还X(呢)"格式表示引述否定是反说话人预期的表达形式,即在说话人看来,受话人或者不应该做X,或者不应该认为X,或者不应该说X,对应于行、知、言三域。从历时视角看,该格式的形成和固化是主观化的发展、叙述方式的演变、语气词"呢"的推波助澜三种因素共同作用的结果。

The Construction ＂Hai＋X＋（Ne）＂ is used commonly in spoken language. This paper defined it as the quota- tive responsive construction which expresses negation. The speaker can quote clause, phrase, word, even morpheme or alphabet, which means this construction has a strong quotative function. The construction expresses counter-expec- tation, i. e. the speaker thinks that the listener should or should not do X, which corresponds with content, epistemic modality and speech acts. Diachronically, its formation and solidification is the result of the development of subjec- tivisation, evolution of narration and mood particle of ＂Ne＂.