简牍所见秦代县尉及与令、丞关系新探

A Study on County and its Relationship with County Deputy and Magistrate from Bamboo and Wooden Slips of Qin Dynasty

新出简牍所见,秦代县尉设置有新的情况:县尉官府内设尉史、发弩,外置邮、亭。亭统属于县尉的论证,可以解决存在争论的亭的统属问题。对于以往少有考察的县尉与县令、丞的关系,秦简所示,县尉从属县令,与县丞有着密切的政务往来,主要体现为三点:一、县丞可下令县尉处理工作;二、县尉向县丞进行政务申告,县丞裁决;三、县尉有事联系县内外机构,有时还须通过县丞居中处理。从中可见秦代县尉虽是另设军事机构,但军务运行并不独立,受县廷领导和调控。

According to the newly published bamboo and wooden slips of Qin dynasty,the county administrative organizations showed a new situation.Local fiefdom set Weishi and Fanu internally and also set You and Ting externally,which certified that Ting belonged to County Wei.This helps us resolve the ownership of Ting.Little previous study and discussion referred to the relationship of County Magistrate,County Deputy and County Wei.We thrash out their relationships from the newly published bamboo and wooden slips of Qin dynasty,recognize that County Wei subordinate County Magistrate,who had close administrative government contacts with County Deputy,which embodied chiefly in three points:Firstly,County Magistrate might order County Wei to handle work;Secondly,County Wei declared administrative to County Deputy,and County Deputy decided it;Thirdly,when County Wei contacted the inside and outside organization of the county,County Deputy sometimes treated the official institutions as intermediary force.It was seen from above,County Wei was set up as another military institution on Qin Dynasty,but its military affairs were not independent,and was lead and regulated by county government.