重商与重农：孰是孰非--基于国家富强视角的比较

Mercantilism or Physiocracy,Which One is Better?——Comparison Based on the Perspective of National Prosperity

在目前的经济思想史教科书中,重商主义被认为是一种错误的和坏的经济学说,而重农学派则被尊崇为政治经济学的真正鼻祖。但本文从国家富强的基础、经济政策的着眼点、哲学基础和研究方法入手,通过对原始文献、经典著作和国外最新研究成果的讨论,论证了重商主义是一种关于国富国穷的政治经济学体系,是政治经济学最早的鼻祖,而重农学派则存在着重大的理论缺陷,是一种导致国家衰败的经济学说。本文的研究对于理解智能工业化和价值链高端对于我国长期发展的重要性以及构建中国特色社会主义政治经济学具有重要的理论和现实意义。

In current textbooks of history of economic thought, mercantilism is regarded as a wrong and bad economic doctrine, while physiocracy is honored as the real originator of political economy. This paper starts from the foundation of national prosperity, the focus of economic policy, philosophical basis and research methods, through discussing original documents, classical books and the latest results of foreign researches, this paper certifies that mercantilism is one kind of political economy systems about richer country or poorer country, and it is the originator of political economy. However, as for physiocracy, it has big theoretical defects and is an economic theory which will lead to the decline of the state. The research of this paper has important theoretical and practical significance for understanding the intelligent industrialization and the importance of high-end value chain in the long-term development of China and constructing socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.