美国区域碳市场的运行绩效——以区域温室气体减排行动(RGGI)为例

Operating Performance of U.S. Regional Carbon Market:A Case Study of Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative

全国碳排放权交易市场体系将于2017年启动,学习和借鉴国外碳市场建设经验对我国意义重大。区域温室气体减排行动(RGGI)是美国首个强制性碳交易市场,在经历了初期碳市场的低迷之后,2014年起RGGI碳市场逐步走向正规,一级市场和二级市场碳价不断攀升,市场交易规模逐步扩大,市场不断成熟。RGGI碳市场的建立使得成员州在GDP实现8%的增长情况下,电力行业碳排放实现了40%以上的削减。RGGI一级市场配额拍卖累计收入25.17亿美元,并已进行了10亿多美元的投资(截至2013年年底),用于区域内的能源效率提升、清洁和可再生能源使用、直接经济援助等项目,较好实现了经济和环境效益。

National carbon emissions trading market in China is due to be launched in 2017. Learning and referring to foreign experience is of great significance to the establishment of China＇s carbon emissions trading market. Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative （RGGI） is the first mandatory carbon trading market of U.S, after market downturn in the initial period, RGGI carbon market gradually moving towards formal, carbon prices of primary market and secondary market rising, market transactions expanding and the market continues to mature from 2014 to date. The RGGI states have experienced a reduction of more than 40 percent in power sector CO2 pollution since 2005, even as the regional economy has grown 8 percent. RGGI primary market CO2 allowances auct-on cumulative Proceeds $ 2.517 billion, and have been implemented than $ 1 billion investments （by the end of 2013）, for the energy efficiency, clean and renewable energy, direct bill assistance, GHG abatement programs, achieve a better economic and environmental benefits.