黑龙港地区不同作物综合服务功能价值评估

Comprehensive Ecological Services Evaluation for Main Crops in Heilonggang Area

采用千年生态系统评估框架,构建了黑龙港地区主要作物综合服务功能评价指标体系,定量评价了2004-2013年黑龙港地区主要作物综合服务功能价值。结果表明,黑龙港地区不同作物综合服务功能净效益由2004年的29.09×10~9元增长到了2013年的36.08×10~9元。研究区域主要作物综合服务功能总价值为51.75×109元。其中,综合服务功能正效益和环境损失负效益均值分别为42.41×10~9元和9.34×10~9元,综合服务功能正效益占主导地位;但化肥流失、水资源消耗、农药污染价值之和占综合服务功能总价值的18.0%,这与研究区水资源短缺、地下水超采等现状很不相符,应引起相关部门的高度重视。综合来看,黑龙港地区主要作物单位面积综合服务功能净效益为18 817.42 CNY·hm^(-2)·a^(-1);其中提供产品功能价值为6 297.32 CNY·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)(可变价),提供综合生态服务功能净效益(不包括产品价值)为12 520.10 CNY·hm^(-2)·a^(-1);后者是前者的1.99倍。研究结果表明研究区域农业的供给侧结构性改革势在必行,同时结果对农业可持续发展以及科学认识、评价生态系统总体功能具有一定的理论和实践意义。

This article quantitatively evaluated the functional value of different crops in Heilonggang area from 2004 to 2013 on the basis of the connotation of ecological services function, by constructing the assessment indicator system of comprehensive services function of different crops in Heilonggang area, and using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework. The system included not only the positive benefit, such as product offering, water conservation and ecological support, but also the negative benefit, such as, water resources consumption, chemical fertilizer loss and pesticide pollution. The result indicated that the total comprehensive functional net benefits of different crops in Heilonggang area was 18.67＊ 10^9 CNY in 2004 compared with the 25.18＊ 10^9 CNY in 2013. Besides, the comprehensive services function value of different crops were totally 51.75＊ 10^9 CNY, which consisted of the negative benefit of environmental loss 9.34＊ 10^9 CNY and the positive benefit of comprehensive functional 42.41＊ 10^9 CNY. The positive one was dominant. However, the three negative benefits, chemical fertilizer loss, water resources loss and pesticide pollution were 18.0% in the total amount. It should cause the attention of relative departments, otherwise, it would exacerbate the water shortage and the over exploitation of groundwater. Overall, the net benefits of comprehensive services function of different crops in Heilonggang area was 18 817.42 yuan·hm-2·a-1. The net benefits of comprehensive ecological service after the deduction of negative benefit was 12 520.10 CNY ·hm2·a-1（barring product value）, and the value of the product was 6 297.32 yuan·hm2·a-1 （variable valence）, which was 1.99 times the latter. The research result and the present research conditions, especially the assessment results of the negative benefit of, environmental loss indicated that it was necessary to restructure the supply side of regional agricultural. At the same time, the research result was the reference and practice guidance to maintain the sustainable development of regional agricultural, as well as to evaluate the total functions of ecosystem scientifically.