1Allen, William Rodney. Understanding Kurt Vonnegut. South Carolina: U of South Carolina P, 1991.
2Berryman, Charles. "Vonnegut and Evolution: Galapagos. " Critical Essays on Kurt Vonnegut. Ed. Robert Merrill. Boston: G. K. Hall & Co, 1990.
3默里·布克金.《自由生态学:等级制的出现与消解》,郇庆治译,济南:山东大学出版社,2008年.
4Cacicedo, Alberto. "Reviews. " Studies in the Novel 1 (2007) : 116-17.
5Davis, Todd F. Kurt Vonnegut's Crusade, or, How a Postmodern Harlequin Preached a New Kind of Humanism. Albany: State U of New York P, 2006.
6Hoffman, Thomas P. "The Theme of Mechanization in Player Piano. " The Critical Response to Kurt Vonnegut. Ed. Leonard Mustazza. Connecticut/London: Greenwood Press, 1994.
7Hunter, Jeffrey W. "Introduction. " Contemporary Literary Criticism Vol. 212. Ed. Jeffrey W. Hunter. Detroit and New York: Thomson Gale, 2006.
8Klinkowitz, Jerome. Vonnegut in America. Eds. Jerome Klinkowitz and Donald L. Laing, R. D. The Divided Self. New York : Pantheon Books, 1969.
9Louis, Dolores K. Gros. "The Ironic Christ Figure in Slaughterhouse-Five. " Contemporary Literary Criticism Vol. 60. Ed. Roger Matuz. Detroit/New York/Washington/Chicago/London: Gale Research Inc. , 1990.
10Olderman, Raymond M. "Out of the Waste Land and into the Fire : Cataclysm or the Cosmic Cool. " Contemporary Literary Criticism Vol. 60. Ed. Roger Matuz. Detroit / New York/ Washington D. C. / Chicago/ London: Gale Research Inc. , 1990.