放疗联合免疫抗肿瘤治疗策略的研究进展

The research progress for anti-tumor strategies of radiotherapy and immunotherapy

随着人类对肿瘤的认识不断深入，越来越多的证据表明肿瘤的发生发展与机体的免疫功能密切相关，寻找有效的手段提高机体抗肿瘤免疫已成为肿瘤免疫学研究的热点。放射治疗虽是传统肿瘤治疗方式，但近来研究发现其可使“冷肿瘤”转变为“热肿瘤”，改善肿瘤免疫抑制微环境，提高肿瘤免疫原性，激活细胞免疫应答，从而在抗肿瘤免疫调节中发挥重要作用。然而，单独放疗产生的“远隔效应”在临床中并不常见，需要免疫治疗作为“推动者”增强放疗诱导的免疫效应。本文对放疗联合免疫抗肿瘤相关基础理论和临床实践进行综述，期望能为临床相关治疗策略提供参考。

With the deeper understanding of tumor, more and more evidence indicates that the occurrence and development of tumors are closely related to the body＇s immune function. More and more researches focus on tumor immunology to find an effective way of enhancing anti-tumor immunity. Radiotherapy has played an important role in anti-tumor immunity recently though it was believed as a traditional treatment for cancer before. Radiotherapy could convert a ＂ cold tumor ＂ into a ＂ hot tumor＂, which might ameliorate immune suppressive microenvironment, improve tumor immunogenicity and activate the cellular immune response. However, the ＂ abscopal effect＂ of single radiotherapy is very rare. Immunotherapy is capable of enhancing the immune response produced by radiotherapy. In this paper, the basic theory and clinical practice of radiotherapy and immunotherapy were reviewed and the related clinical strategies were summarized.