痴呆老人护理模式及照料资源的新进展

New Development of Nursing Model and Care Resource for Dementia

痴呆是影响老年人健康以及生活质量的重大疾病,其表现不仅包括记忆、语言、视空间及执行功能障碍等,还可伴有精神行为异常,导致日常生活能力下降给社会和家庭带来巨大的负担。目前尚无治愈痴呆的药物,痴呆的早期临床诊断和个性化的护理干预不但可以延缓病情发展并且能减轻患者经济负担。发达国家和地区已建立了痴呆患者一体化管理体系同时注重照料者的躯体健康及心理干预,以缓解照顾者照顾压力及焦虑抑郁情绪,提高照顾者的身心健康。本文对国内外痴呆老人护理模式及照料资源做以下综述,为我国创建痴呆老人综合管理提供依据。

Dementia is a major disease affecting the health and quality of life of the elderly,and its performance not only includes memory,language,visual space and executive dysfunction,but also associated with mental and behavioral abnormalities,resulting in decreased ability to daily life,to society and family Burden.At present there is no cure for dementia,early clinical diagnosis of dementia and personalized care interventions not only delay the progression of the disease,and can reduce the financial burden.Developed countries and regions have established integrated management system of dementia patients,while focusing on caregivers of physical health and psychological intervention to ease the stress of caregiver and anxiety and depression,to improve the caregiver＇s physical and mental health.This paper gives a following review of the domestic and international elderly dementia care models and care resources,in order to provide a basis for the integrated management of the dementia.