德清县农村社区成人高血压患病率及其影响因素分析

Analysis of hypertension morbidity and influencing factors among rural adults in Deqing county

目的了解浙江省德清县农村社区成人高血压患病现状,并探索其影响因素。方法以18周岁及以上户籍居民为调查对象,采用随机整群抽样于2006-2008年、2011-2012年和2013-2014年分别抽取2个(6 562人)、6个(11 763人)和7个乡镇(10 904人)进行调查,调查内容包括问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查。应用SPSS 19.0软件进行数据分析,高血压影响因素的多因素分析采用logistic回归。结果 2006-2008年、2011-2012年和2013-2014年德清县农村成人高血压患病率依次为22.10%,28.08%,33.61%,呈上升趋势(P<0.01);标化率依次为16.13%,17.23%和16.79%。3次调查高血压患病率随着年龄的增加而上升,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。40岁以前,女性患病率低于男性,40岁以后,女性患病率高于男性。logistic多因素回归显示,影响德清农村社区成人高血压患病的因素有年龄(与≤40岁组相比:aOR_(40~59岁)=2.42,95%CI:2.10~2.79;aOR_(60岁及以上)=5.51,95%CI:4.76~6.38)、文化程度(aOR_(初中以下)=1.46,95%CI:1.33~1.60)、职业(aOR_(务农)=1.27,95%CI:1.18~1.37)、超重或肥胖(与BMI<24 kg/m^2组相比:a OR超重=1.54,95%CI:1.45~1.64;a OR_(肥胖)=2.66,95%CI:2.31~3.06)、规律运动(aOR=0.74,95%CI:0.67~0.82)、糖尿病(a OR=2.86,95%CI:2.46~3.32)。结论德清县农村成人高血压患病率处于较高水平;年龄、文化程度、职业、超重或肥胖、运动、糖尿病等是其重要的影响因素,有必要在当地积极采取控制高血压的措施,控制体重,提倡体育锻炼是重要的防治措施。

Objective To explore the hypertension morbidity and influencing factors among rural adults in Deqing county of Zhejiang province. Methods The random cluster sampling method was used to select the residents （≥18 years old） as the subjects. The subjects were from 2 rural communities （6 562 cases） in 2006-2008, 6 rural communities （11 763 cases） in 2011- 2012 and 7 rural communities （10 904 cases） in 2013-2014, respectively. Data of questionnaires, physical examination and laboratory tests were collected and analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software. The hypertension influencing factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression method. Results The hypertension morbidities in 2006-2008, 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 were 22.10%, 28.08% and 33.61%, respectively. The hypertension morbidities significantly increased during three years （P〈0.05）. The standard morbidities of hypertension were 16.13%, 17.23% and 16.79%, respectively. The hypertension morbidities of three investigations significantly enhanced with age （P〈0.01）. In subjects （≤40 years old）, the female hypertension morbidity was lower than the male hypertension morbidity. In subjects （〉40 years old）, the male hypertension morbidity was lower than the female hypertension morbidity. The multivariate logistic regression showed that the hypertension influencing factors were age （as compared with ≤40 year old group, aOR （40-59 year old group）=2.42,95%CI： 2.10-2.79; aOR （ ≥60 year old group）=5.51, 95%CI： 4.76-6.38）, education level （〈junior middle school level, aOR =1.46, 95%CI： 1.33-1.60）, occupation （aORfamer =1.27, 95%CI： 1.18-1.37 ）, overweight/obesity （as compared to BMI〈24 kg/m2 group, aORoverweight= 1.54, 95%CI： 1.45-1.64; aORobesity=2.66, 95%C1： 2.31-3.06）, regular physical exercise （aOR=0.74, 95%CI： 0.67-0.82） and type 2 mellitus diabetes （aOR=2.86, 95%C1： 2.46-3.32）. Conclusion Hypertension morbidity of rural adults in Deqing county is high level. Age, education, occupation, overweight or obesity, regular physical exercise and type 2 mellitus diabetes are the important influencing factors. It is necessary to take the control measures of hypertension for rural adults.