基于两种公平的农民工集体行动双路径分析

A Dual Path Analysis on Peasant Workers' Collective Action:Based on Two Types of Justice

文章运用公平理论,从人们对不满的反应入手,探讨了公平及其两个分类即程序公平、分配公平和人们的集体行动之间的关系,并结合集体行动分析的愤怒路径和效能路径提出了相关假设。利用2010年湖北省流动人口动态监测数据,讨论反映分配公平感的工资评价以及或与程序公平感有关的合同、关系对农民工集体行动的多重影响,总结农民工的维权行动策略,建议更多依靠相关制度的完善,促使这一社会问题自然走向终结。

Since the 1980s, in the process of China＇s large-scale rural-urban population transfer that lasted more than 30 years, there are still hundreds of millions of peasant workers who have not yet fully become urban citizens. As marginalized migrants wandering between urban and rural areas, faced with right infringements in the daily life and work, when becoming more and more aware of their rights as citizens and workers, peasant workers are taking an increasing number of protests in various forms, in which the one known as ＂peasant workers mass incident＂ attracting public attentions especially, and it brings impacts to China^s social management and social stability. However, the Government＇s ＂stability maintenance＂ system, while inereasing the financial burden for a long period, seems to be of not much effeet on solving this problem ultimately, as far as it goes. This gives rise to the necessity of the study on peasant worker＇s ＂non-participation＂ in collective actions, considering that the collective action ＂non-participation＂ will directly lead to the end of the social problem. In this sense, as far as people＇s collective action is concerned, the study of ＂non-participation＂ is more important than the study of ＂participation＂. That is the reason why the paper attempts to focus on peasant workers ＇ ＂nonparticipation＂ perspective to explain their collective actions. Nevertheless, as compared with people＇s participation in collective action, people＇s non-participation in collective action does not receive enough attention from researchers in related fields. It is usually considered that non-participation is the other side of participation, but this is not the whole story, and, as participation, people＇s non-participation in collective action is also a complex dynamic process. In order to simplify analysis, the paper set collective action into a black box. Next, based on justice theory, starting with people＇s responses to grievances, the paper investigated the actions of people in the three nodes, including ＂inaction/action＇, ＂individual action/collective action＂, and ＂exit/continue＂, and especially in the first two nodes, ＂inaction/action＂ and ＂individual action/collective action＂, and then explored the relationship between people＇s collective action and justice, as well as the classification of justice, that is, procedure justice and distributive justice. Finally, combined with anger path and efficacy path for collective action analysis, the paper adopted people＇s conditions including sighing contract with enterprise, relationship with enterprise, and their wage evaluation, as three core factors influencing their collective action, and so put forward six related hypotheses. Hypothesis 1.1 .. person who signs a contract with the enterprise may be more likely not to participate in collective aetion （contract anger path/contract efficacy path） ; Hypothesis 1.2 ： person who signs a contract with the enterprise may be less likely not to take part in collective action （contract efficacy path） ; Hypothesis 2.1 ： person who has a good relationship with the enterprise may be more likely not to participate in collective action （relationship anger path/relationship efficacy path） ; Hypothesis 2.2.. person who has a bad relationship with the enterprise may be more likely not to take part in collective action. （relationship efficacy path） ; Hypothesis 3. 1： the wage evaluation, which is used to reflect people＇s sense of distributive justice, regulates the relationship between people＇s procedural justice perception and their non-participation in collective action; Hypothesis 3.2： people＇s procedural justice perception regulates the relationship between their wage evaluation that are used to reflect their sense of distributive justice, and their non-participation in collective action. Using 2010 Hubei migrant population dynamic monitoring data, with multivariate logistic regression and moderating effect analysis, the paper tested these six assumptions. It shows： Hypothesis 1.1 has not been confirmed; Hypothesis 1.2 is verified; Hypothesis 2. 1 is verified; Hypothesis 2. 2 has not been confirmed; Hypothesis 3. 1 is partially verified; Hypothesis 3.2 has not been confirmed. According to these results, the paper found that： （1） In some cases, signing contract with the enterprise does not relate to peasant worker＇s procedure justice perception, which on the contrary decreases their non-participation inclination in collective action through efficacy path; （2） peasant worker＇s relationship with the enterprise relates to their procedure justice perception, which influences their non-participation inclination in collective action through anger path, but meanwhile its two-way impacts through efficacy path may also exist; （3） reflecting distributive justice perception, peasant worker~ s wage evaluation has both a significant direct impact on their non- participation inclination in collective action, and a significant indirect impact by moderating the impact of relationship with the enterprise on their non-participation inclination in collective action. Based on these conclusions, the paper summarized the dual influencing paths of procedure injustice and distributive injustice on peasant worker＇s collective action, and so analyzed the tactics of their actions. With further discussions, especially on the lack of efficiency of China＇s current ＂stability maintenance＂ system, the paper suggested more relying on the improvement of relevant systems, such as, to strengthen the implementation of Labor Contract Law and its supporting regulatory measures, to create better institutional environment for enterprises survival, and to provide peasant workers with more cultural and legal education. These will induce peasant workers to return to normal channels to protect their rights and interests, and to be more dependent on institutionalized solutions, for instance, contracts, and therefore reduce the occurrence of peasant workers mass incidents, and improve China＇s social management and social stability.