儿童功能性构音障碍危险因素分析

Analysis on risk factors of functional articulation disorder in children

目的探讨4~6岁儿童功能性构音障碍(FAD)的致病因素。方法以衢州市柯城区54家托幼机构4~6岁在园儿童中确诊为FAD患儿154例为病例组,以FAD患儿的同班同性别同学200例为正常对照组,对照分析儿童FAD的致病因素。结果病例组和对照组主要抚养人的文化程度、与儿童语言交流方式、性别构成的差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为18.963、7.922和-4.432,均P<0.05)。病例组患儿家庭中存在语言环境混杂并有遗传倾向,存在进食精细及易恶心情况,病例组辅食添加时间晚于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为24.976、-6.102、-4.475、-5.207和30.718,均P<0.05)。图片词汇测试评(PPVT)测试结果显示:病例组与对照组的智商水平相比,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.994,P>0.05)。结论 FAD的形成可能受多种家庭社会环境因素的影响,应尽量避免影响言语发育的不良因素。

Objective To explore the pathogenic factors of functional articulation disorder（FAD） in children aged 4-6 years old.Methods A total of 154 children aged 4-6 years old diagnosed as FAD definitely were selected from 54 kindergartens in Kecheng District of Quzhou city as case group,200 children of the same gender from the same class were selected as normal control group;the pathogenic factors of FAD in children were compared and analyzed.Results There were statistically significant differences in the educational level of main fosterers,language communication modes with children,and proportion of gender between case group and control group（χ~2=18.963,P〈0.05;χ~2=7.922,P〈0.05;χ2=-4.432,P〈0.05）.In case group,language environment was farraginous with genetic predisposition in the children,food intake was fine,and nausea occurred easily,complementary feeding time in case group was statistically significantly later than that in control group（χ~2=24.976,P〈0.05;χ~2=-6.102,P〈0.05;χ~2=-4.475,P〈0.05;χ~2=-5.207,P〈0.05;χ~2=30.718,P〈0.05）.Peabody picture vocabulary test showed that there was no statistically significant difference in intelligence quotient between case group and control group（t=-0.994,P〉0.05）.Conclusion The formation of FAD may be affected by a variety of family and social environment factors,the adverse factors affecting speech development should be avoided.