子痫前期发病的相关高危因素调查分析

Investigation and analysis on correlated high-risk factors of preeclampsia

目的探讨影响子痫前期发病的病因及其相关危险因素,为临床早期防治子痫前期提供依据。方法采用回顾性病例对照研究法,收集92例子痫前期患者作为病例组,同期选择92例正常妊娠的孕妇作为对照组;对两组研究对象进行问卷调查,采用单因素法、多因素Logistic回归法来筛选影响子痫前期发病的相关因素。结果多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,孕妇年龄(OR=4.259)、高血压家族史(OR=2.852)、子痫前期史(OR=4.855)、妊娠期高血压(OR=6.001)、妊娠期糖尿病或肾病(OR=2.627)、妊娠期尿路感染(OR=2.050)等均为子痫前期发病的危险因素。结论影响子痫前期发病的因素较多,其独立危险因素包括高龄、高血压家族史、子痫前期史、妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病或肾病,应加强围产期保健,及时治疗妊娠期疾病,根据围产期高危因素采取个体化干预措施,预防和减少子痫前期的发病率。

Objective To explore the etiology and correlated risk factors of preeclampsia,provide a basis for early prevention and treatment of preeclampsia in clinic.Methods A retrospective case-control study method was used to collect 92 preeclampsia patients as case group,and 92 normal pregnant women during the same period were collected as control group.The cases in the two groups were surveyed by a questionnaire.Univariate method and multivariate logistic regression method were used to screen the correlated risk factors of preeclampsia.Results Multivariate logistic regression showed that the risk factors of preeclampsia included maternal age（OR=4.259）,family history of hypertension（OR=2.852）,history of preeclampsia（OR=4.855）,gestational hypertension（OR=6.001）,gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM） or renal diseases（OR=2.627）,and urinary tract infection during gestational period（OR=2.050）.Conclusion There are many risk factors inducing preeclampsia,such as advanced age,family history of hypertension,history of preeclampsia,gestational hypertension,GDM or renal diseases.Perinatal care should be strengthened,diseases of gestational period should be treated timely,individual intervention measures should be adopted according to high risk factors during perinatal period to prevent and reduce the incidence rate of preeclampsia.