饮食行为习惯养成及家庭喂养方式对四川某地区儿童肥胖的影响调查

Analysis on the effect of formation of dietary and behavioral habits on childhood obesity in a region of Sichuan province

目的探讨家庭喂养方式和饮食习惯对于儿童肥胖发病的影响,为减少儿童肥胖发病率提供参考。方法按照整群抽样的方法,抽取2013年3月-2016年1月该院所在的区域内的4所小学中一年级~六年级儿童3 000名进行身高、体重和腰围等检查,并且对儿童的家长进行问卷调查,问卷调查的内容为儿童的家庭喂养方式和日常的饮食习惯。通过单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析日常的饮食习惯、喂养方式和儿童肥胖之间的关系。结果该研究一共发放3 000份调查问卷,成功收回有效的调查问卷2 965份,回收率98.83%。受访的儿童中有6.27%(186/2 965)的儿童为肥胖。单因素分析显示,家庭喂养方式中,每月吃西式快餐超过1次、强迫孩子吃某种食物和家长要求孩子多吃一点为儿童肥胖的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为5.044、9.319和5.761,均P<0.05),饮食习惯中,孩子爱吃咸的食物、不爱吃蔬菜、不爱吃水果、吃饭速度快是儿童肥胖的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.857、8.428、24.818和5.558,均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,强迫孩子吃某种食物、家长要求孩子多吃一点、孩子不爱吃水果、吃饭速度快是儿童肥胖的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(OR值分别为1.521、1.652、0.632和1.431,均P<0.05)。结论不恰当的喂养方式和饮食习惯会引起儿童肥胖,家长强迫孩子吃某种食物、家长要求孩子多吃一点、孩子不爱吃蔬菜水果、孩子吃饭速度快可能是儿童肥胖的危险因素。

Objective To explore the effect of formation of dietary and behavioral habits on childhood obesity,provide reference for reducing the incidence rate of childhood obesity. Methods A total of 3 000 children were selected from Grade six one to Grade six in four primary schools in the region from March 2013 to January 2016 by cluster sampling method,height,weight,and waist circumference were measured,the parents of these children were surveyed by a questionnaire,the survey content included family feeding patterns and ordinary dietary habits. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze daily dietary habits,the relationship between feeding patterns and childhood obesity. Results A total of 3 000 copies of questionnaires were issued,and 2 965 effective questionnaires were retrieved successfully,the recovery rate was 98. 83%. Among these children,the incidence rate of obesity was 6. 27%（ 186 /2 965）. Univariate analysis showed that among the family feeding patterns,eating western fast food more than one times a month,forcing the children to eat certain foods and more food were risk factors of childhood obesity（ χ^2= 5. 044,9. 319,5. 761,P〈0. 05）; among the dietary habits,liking to eat salty food,not liking to eat fruits and vegetables,and eating fast were risk factors of childhood obesity（ χ^2= 6. 857,8. 428,24. 818,5. 558,P〈0. 05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that forcing the children to eat certain foods and more food,not liking to eat fruits and vegetables,and eating fast were risk factors of childhood obesity（ OR = 1. 521,1. 652,0. 632,1. 431,P〈0. 05）.Conclusion Inappropriate feeding patterns and dietary habits can cause obesity in children,forcing the children to eat certain foods and more food,not liking to eat fruits and vegetables,and eating fast may be risk factors of childhood obesity.