德国《原油和石油产品储备法》的主要内容及德国石油储备体系的发展趋势

The main contents of the German Crude and Petroleum Product Reserve Law and the trends of German petroleum reserve system

德国《原油和石油产品储备法》通过对石油储备联盟的机构性质、组织结构及财务原则做出详细规定,建立了由石油储备联盟集中负责义务储备经营管理的基本原则,权责划分明确;规定了义务储备量的具体计算方法,对义务储备的储存、转让、释放等提出了要求,可操作性强;规定了监督、申报、检查等管理方式和具体的执行方法,明确了其中各级组织相应的责任和义务,强调联邦政府的监管。从历次《储备法》修订内容来看,德国石油储备体系的发展趋势主要是:储备责任主体由分散趋于集中,政府的监管力度持续加强,石油储备管理的市场化程度逐步提高,与欧盟、国际能源署(IEA)及其成员国间的协同加强。

German Crude and Petroleum Product Reserve Law （the Reserve Law） establishes the basic principle that the Erdolbevorratungsverband （EBV） is in charge of the obligatory reserve management and stipulates EBV＇s rights and obligations by defining the nature, organization structure and financial principles of the （EBV）. The Reserve Law is highly operational for it specifies the calculation methods about the quantity of obligatory reserve and sets standards on the reserve, transfer and release of obligatory reserve. It also regulates the management and implementation of the supervision, declaration and inspection process which clarifies corresponding responsibilities and obligations of organizations at each level, thus emphasizing supervision from the federal government. It can be seen from the amendments to the Reserve Law that the development trends of German petroleum reserve system are the main responsible parties from the concentrating to the dispersing, sustainable enhancing government regulation, gradual improving marketization of petroleum reserve management and better synergy with EU, IEA and their member states.