暗绿绣眼鸟春季和冬季取食生态位初步研究

The Feeding Niche of Zosterops japonicus between Spring and Winter

2014年10—12月和2015年3—5月在广西壮族自治区宜州市对暗绿绣眼鸟Zosterops japonicus春季和冬季的取食空间生态位进行了研究,主要记录暗绿绣眼鸟的数量、取食时段、食物种类以及包括取食高度、水平取食位置、取食方向等相关取食行为数据。结果表明,暗绿绣眼鸟为杂食性鸟类,主要采食植物嫩叶、果实,偶尔采食昆虫或花瓣。春季取食的植物有31种,食物生态位宽度为13.86;冬季取食的植物有21种,食物生态位宽度为11.75;春季和冬季的食物生态位重叠度为0.903。春季暗绿绣眼鸟在06∶00—09∶00取食频次最高(占42.93%),而冬季则是在09∶00—12∶00取食频次最高(占38.04%)。卡方独立性检验表明:春季和冬季暗绿绣眼鸟在取食时间和取食高度上的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),在水平取食位置和取食方向上的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

From October to December,2014,and March to May,2015,the feeding niche of Zosterops japonicus between spring and winter was investigated in Yizhou city,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The number,feeding time,food types and foraging behavior data including feeding height,horizontal feeding position and feeding direction of Z. japonicus were recorded. The results showed that Z. japonicus were omnivorous,which mainly fed on leaves and fruits and shortly fed on insect or petal. The results of food niche breadth and overlap results suggested that the niche overlap was 13. 86 in spring and 11. 75 in winter,respectively; the niche overlap was 0. 903 between spring and winter. Additionally,most of feeding accident happened during 06∶ 00 to 09∶ 00 in spring,which occupied 42. 93% of the total feeding frequency. However,most of feeding accident happened during 09∶ 00 to 12∶ 00 in winter,which occupied 38. 04% of the total feeding frequency. The feeding time and feeding height were significantly differed（ P〈0. 05） while the horizontal feeding position and feeding direction had no significant difference（ P〉0. 05） between spring and winter.