出口增加值对中国区域产业结构高度化的影响

Effect of Value-added in China's Exports on Regional Industrial Structure Advancement

利用2010年中国非竞争型多区域投入产出表,测算了30个省区市30个产业的出口增加值,揭示分产业出口增加值的区域分布格局;并通过构建和计算产业结构高度化指数,对比出口增加值与地区生产总值的产业结构差异,结合阐述出口增加值带动区域产业结构高度化发展的一般规律。结果显示:出口增加值的规模与结构高度化程度在空间上都存在东中西梯度差异;出口增加值产业结构高度化水平越高,即区域参与国际分工的程度越深,分工越高级,对区域产业结构高度化水平的带动作用就越显著。因此,区域间出口增加值的结构差异,是拉大区域间产业结构差异的因素之一,导致了区域产业结构的"马太效应"。根据研究结论,建议各区域通过创新驱动、产业技术溢出、延长产业链等方式优化产业结构和出口增加值结构,从而进一步推动区域经济转型升级。

Export is an essential factor of the transition and upgrading of the regional industrial structure in an open economic environment. As some spare parts in exports are from abroad and their value cannot be calculated in Chinese GDP, export structure is not a reasonable reflection of China＇ s international division of labor. Compared with exports value, domestic value-added in China＇ s exports is a better index to reflect the impact of export to domestic economy. On the other hand, there are huge differences in regional exports and its impact to local economic growth in China. So it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study on the regional distribution of value-added in China＇ s exports and their effects on advancement of regional industrial structure from the perspective of inter-regional horizontal comparison. In this article, regional distribution pattern of value-added in China＇ s exports was revealed by using a non-competitive multi-regional input-output table of China in 2010 and measuring the value-added in exports in 30 industries in 30 provinces and municipalities （not including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan）. Based on analyzing industrial structure evolution and optimi- zation trends, Industrial Structure Advancement Index （AI） was proposed and used to calculate and compared the index value of value-added in exports and Gross Regional Product, in order to reveal the general rules of the value-added in China＇ s exports driving the regional industrial structure development. The results showed that, there were significant scale and structural differences between regional value-added in exports and Gross Regional Product in the study period. There was a clear east-central-west regions gradient difference （expect for Chongqing City） existing in regional manufacturing industrial structure advancement, but the differences of inter-regional service industrial structure advancement were negligible. Furthermore, the value-added in ex- ports had a positive role in promoting manufacturing industrial structure advancement of 13 regions in China, including Guangdong, Beijing, Chongqing, etc. However, in service industry, expect for Guangdong and Chongqing, there was no positive impact on industrial structure advancement from value-added in exports. Moreover, general rules of the impact of value-added in exports on regional industrial structure advancement existed from the perspective of inter-regional horizontal comparison. The higher of industrial structure ad- vancement of value-added in exports was, the more likely they promoted the advancement of regional industri- al structure. Namely, the deeper and more advanced degree of the regions took part in the international division of labor, the stronger leading role in promoting industrial structure advancement exports played. On the con- trary, the lower of industrial structure advancement was, the less significant role and even negative impediment in promoting regional industrial structure advancement it played. Therefore, structural difference of value-add- ed in exports was one of the important factors that leads to ＂Matthew effect＂ of regional industrial structure. In conclusion, we propose that each region should optimize its industrial structure and value-added structure by adopting strategies such as innovation, spillover effects and extending industry chain, in order to further pro-mote and achieve economic restructuring and upgrading.