文化景观对建构地方集体记忆的影响——以徽州呈坎古村为例

Roles of Cultural Landscapes in the Construction of Local Collective Memory: A Case Study of Chengkan Village

以对黄山市徽州区呈坎古村居民和游客的问卷调查和半结构式访谈为基础,综合运用独立样本t检验和Arc GIS空间分析等方法,分析了文化景观在地方集体记忆建构中的作用。结果显示,无论居民或游客,都对呈坎古村的宗族文化和风水文化形成了集体记忆,而罗东舒祠和水口园林等文化景观则在建构地方集体记忆中发挥了重要作用。但由于与景观接触的方式不同,居民比游客更重视景观的真实性,相对排斥重建和新建的景观,也较少受到导游词的影响;而游客则对景观的真实性不敏感,文化景观和导游解说都可能影响游客的地方记忆。因此,为更好引导对古村落的集体记忆的建构,不仅要重视保护传统文化景观,更要在景观重建或新建过程中尊重居民的建议,争取在居民的传统意识和游客的旅游想象中实现平衡。

Based on theoretical research on collective memory and field investigation in Chengkan Village in Huizhou District of Huangshan City, this article intends to discuss how cultural landscape works in constructing collective memory, comprehensively using ArcGIS spatial analysis, independent sample t test and other methods. It shows that both residents and tourists have formed collective memory of clan culture and Chinese geomantic culture in Chengkan ancient village. And local cultural landscapes like Luo Dongshu shrine and Water Gap Garden play significant positive effects in constructing local collective memory. However, since the residents and visitors contact with the local landscapes in different ways, residents care more about the authen- ticity of landscapes than tourists, relatively reject the rebuilt and newly-built cultural landscapes and take little care of tour guide presentation. On the contrary, both cultural landscapes and tour guide presentation can affect the construction of tourists＇ local memory. Therefore, to optimize the construction of local collective memory of historic villages, not only the traditional local cultural landscapes should be protected, the suggestion of the residents should also be attached importance in the process of rebuilding cultural landscapes or building new ones, which may be important for achieving the balance between the residents＇ traditional idea and tourists＇ imagination.