基于DEA-Malmquist指数方法的我国城镇化效率研究

A Study on Efficiency of Urbanization Based on DEA and Malmquist Index Method in China

本文基于土地城镇化、人口城镇化及产业集聚协调发展的视角,利用DEA-Malmquist指数方法对我国城镇化的效率进行了研究。从总体上来看,我国各省市(区)城镇化Malmquist效率指数的均值为0.83,说明在整个研究期间各省市(区)的城镇化效率在不断下降。通过比较以城市人均GDP、单位土地产出率和单位土地就业量为产出的Malmquist效率指数,发现各省市(区)城镇化的投入对城市人均GDP的作用比较突出,而对单位土地产出率和单位土地就业量的Malmquist效率都很差。具体到投入指标的集约效率,其中资本的集约效率均值为69.34%,劳动力资源的集约效率值为66.99%,土地资源的集约效率值为62.03%,代表土地城镇化指标的建成区面积的集约效率最低。政策建议:第一。

Based on view of coordinated development of land urbanization, population urbanization and industrial agglomeration, we use DEA- Malmquist index method, studying the efficiency of urbanization in China. As a whole, the average of Malmquist efficiency index for provinces and cities（districts） in our country is 0.83, which shows that the urbanization efficiency of provinces and cities（districts） is falling throughout the study period. By comparing with urban per capita GDP, employment unit land output and land as the output efficiency of Malmquist index, inputs have intensive influence on per capita GDP for provinces and cities（districts） of urbanization, and the unit land output and land employment Malmquist productivity is poor. We analyze intensive efficiency of the input indicators, intensive efficiency of capital is 69.70%, labor resource is67.34%, land resource is 62.39%, land resource is lowest efficiency. Policy Suggestions： first, we must go the way of intensive urbanization development, idea of the cost efficiency of the urban economic growth, vigorously strengthen the elements of economical and intensive utilization of resources, achieving better matching and efficient elements combination. Second, relying on scientific and technological innovation to promote the efficiency of urbanization, through the role of the leading science and technology innovation, developing a new economic formation, new town development mode of production and way of new growth.