产品价值构成、工业化演进与供给侧结构性改革的本质

The Essence of Formation of Product Value,Evolution of Industrialization and Reformation of Supply Side Structure

产品价值由基本价值、延伸价值、附加价值与分享价值4个部分组成,其中,基本价值的作用是提供物质或功能上的使用价值,为产品功能(或性能)提供最基本的保障,这是产品质量的基元;延伸价值的作用是提供"心理效用",提高顾客的满意度,提升市场占有率,这是产品质量的延伸与扩展;附加价值有高科技附加、文化附加和营销附加等多个方面,是企业的利润之源和提高资源配置效率的主战场;分享价值的功能主要是增加顾客对平台的"粘性"。产品价值的构成与工业化演进紧密相关,工业化基本上按照从工业1.0到工业2.0、工业3.0再到工业4.0的轨迹演进,并对应着不断增多的价值构成与差异化明显的主要任务:工业1.0以基本价值为核心,完成发展规模经济的任务;工业2.0以基本价值、延伸价值的功能作用为重点,完成发展质量经济、提升供给质量的任务;工业3.0以附加价值为重心,完成发展品牌经济、实现附加价值、提升供给效率的任务;工业4.0以分享价值为支撑,完成发展智慧经济、实现价值分享的任务。一般来说,工业化的初期阶段应完成工业1.0,发展规模经济;工业化中期阶段应完成工业2.0和工业3.0,发展质量经济和品牌经济;工业化后期阶段完成工业4.0,发展分享经济。自2016年起,我国已迈入工业化后期阶段,但工业化中期阶段的历史任务—发展质量经济即工业2.0与发展品牌经济即工业3.0的任务远未完成。目前,我国需求已进入到"工业2.0+工业3.0+工业4.0"时代,供给却停留在"工业1.0"版本,导致供需错配,低端供给过剩,高端供给不足,供给体系明显落后于需求体系。因此,我国供给侧结构性改革的本质是提升供给质量和效益,实现有质量、高效率的增长,其根本任务是补上"工业2.0"和"工业3.0"这"两课"。

Product value is composed of fundamental value （workshop cost）, extensional value （expenditure for after-service）, additional value（ brand,including trademark, reputation, intellectual property） and share value（ share about traffic brought from net- work）. The function of fundamental value is to provide materially or functional use-value, providing basic guarantee for product function （ or capacity）, which could be the element of product quality. The function of extensional value is to provide psychological effects, im- prove customers＇ satisfaction, promote the occupancy of market, which are the extension and expansion of product value. Several as- pects were included in additional value, such as high-tech addition, culture addition and marketing addition, which is the main battle- field of source of profit and improvement of resources allocation efficiency for enterprise. The main function of share value is to increase the stickness of customer to platform.The formation of product value is closely associated with evolution of industrialization. The evolu- tion route of industrialization is from 1.0 to 2.0 to 3.0 to 4.0, undertaking the increasing tasks of value structure and differentiation, that is, industry 1.0 is corresponding to fundamental value and extensional value for the task of completing the development for scale econo- my. Industry 2.0 is corresponding to fundamental value, extensional value and external overflow for the task of development for quality economy and enhancement of supply quality. Industry 3.0 is corresponding to fundamental value, extensional value, additional value and external overflow for the task of development for brand economy, accomplishment for additional value, promotion of supply efficiency. Industry 4.0 is corresponding to fundamental value, extensional value, additional value, share value and external overflow for the task of development for wisdom economy, accomplishment of value-share. Generally speaking, Industry 1.0 is supposed to be done in the initial phase of industrialization to development scale economy. Industry 2.0 and 3.0 should be completed in the middle phase to develop quality economy and brand economy. Industry 4.0 is ought to be achieved to develop wisdom economy. In 2016, China has al- ready stepped into the later phase of industrialization, however, the task of Industry 2.0 and 3.0 namely ＂develop quality economy and brand economy＂ supposed to be completed in middle phase still remains to be accomplished. Presently, Chinese demand has reached into the age of Industry 2.0＋Industry 3.0＋Industry 4.0 with the discordant supply of Industry 1.0, which results in the mismatch of sup- ply and demand, excess of low-end supply, shortage of high-end supply and situation of supply system apparently falling behind demand system. Therefore,the essence of reformation of supply side structure is to promote supply quality and efficiency, accomplish the high- quality and efficient increase with the primary aim of supplementing the Industry 2.0 and 3.0.