论马克思主义国家理论被遮蔽的原因

On the Reasons Why Marxist Theory of the State is Shielded

对于国家的研究不仅是马克思恩格斯走上学术舞台的起点,而且这一研究旨趣始终贯穿于二人的生命历程。然而长期以来,完整系统的马克思主义国家理论却在很大程度上被遮蔽和忽视了。造成这一现象的原因主要在于以下4个方面:理论建构缺失,缺乏系统的、独立的政治学著作;部分学者囿于"经济决定论",缺乏对于上层建筑的系统性研究;过分解读马克思主义"人的解放"理论,忽视了实现这一目的的必经阶段"政治解放";以苏联为代表的社会主义国家在政治实践和"权威解读"过程中,对于马克思主义国家理论的教条化和妖魔化。

The study of the state is not only the starting point of Marx and Engels on the academic stage, but also the purpose throughout the life course of two people. However, for a long time, Marx＇s theory of state did not get the attention they deserve, its sys- tematic research has not made any substantial progress. The reasons why Marxist theory of the state is shielede mainly lie in four as- pects ： the lack of theoretical construction, especially the systematic, independent political writings ; because of the ＂economic deter- minism＂, some scholars ignoring systematic study of the superstructure ; over-interpretation of the Marxist ＂human liberation＂ theory, ignoring the realization of ＂political liberation＂; as the representative of the socialist countries, the Soviet Union dogmatizing and de- monizing the Marxist state theory in the political practice and the ＂authoritative interpretation＂.