美国社区学院的新变革

Trends in the Transformation of U.S. Community Colleges

自美国政府实施"再工业化"战略以来,美国社区学院教育质量饱受质疑,招生面临挑战,教育供给与市场需求错位。针对上述问题,美国社区学院提出重视生涯与技术教育、重塑机构的办学定位以及推行社区学院免费化来突破自身的发展困境。该文通过分析以上内容,进而总结美国社区学院新变革的特点:通过诱致性制度变迁加强联邦政府对社区学院的干预力度;重塑机构定位进而强化与区域经济相联系的动态循环;通过统一评估促使联邦资助从"机会公平"转向"质量优先"。

Since the implementation of the ＂Re-industrialization Strategy＂ of the U.S. government, the U.S. community colleges have been faced with doubts on education quality, challenges for enrollment and imbalance of educational supply and market demand. In order to address the issues discussed above, the U.S. community colleges have adopted transformative strategies, including focusing on career and vocational education, redefining their place in the realm of higher education, and waiving tuition fees. The features of the transformation of U.S. community colleges are summarized as follows： the deepening of federal government involvement by induced institutional change; the enhancement of dynamic loop connected with regional economy by institutional repositioning; the transition of federal aid from ＂fair opportunity＂ to ＂quality priority＂ through unified evaluation.