长株潭城市群城乡人口流动特征及动力机制

Characteristics and Mechanism of Urban and Rural Population Mobility in Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration

利用816份抽样调查问卷,对长株潭城市群城乡人口流动特征及动力机制进行分析,结果表明:长株潭城市群城乡人口流动目的呈现多样化,以探亲访友、购物、休闲娱乐等为目的生活性流动比例较大;城乡人口流动频率以1~3次/月或者1~3次/年为主,城乡人口流动的停留时间以中短期停留为主;由城到乡和由乡到城的双向流动现象明显,但依然以由乡到城的流动为主,城市群内部城乡人口流动的网络化特征开始显现,长沙市区在城乡人口流动网络中的中心节点作用突出;就业性流动的路径变化不大,存在农民工回流现象。另外,文章提出了城乡人口流动动力机制的"四力"模型,认为各种主观因素、客观因素综合作用于城乡人口流动决策与行为过程,并产生外在的排斥力和吸引力、内生的能动力和自阻力,影响其流动目的、流动频率、停留时间、流动方向、流动路径等,并在此理论模型基础上对长株潭城市群进行了实证分析。

Urban and rural population mobility is to improve the transformation of urban and rural relationship, and promote the development of urbanization. In this paper, using the 816 samples survey data, characteristics of the urban and rural population mobility of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration and its influencing factors were analyzed. The analysis results show that： Firstly, the purpose of urban and rural population mobility of it diversified, mainly to visit friends and relatives, and also more and more people flowed as everyday life activities such as shopping, leisure entertainment. Secondly, they always stayed in a short-term, and flowed 1-3 times a month or a year. Thirdly, the bidirectional flow phenomenon was obvious, urban to rural along with rural to urban which was more frequently, and the flow network began to emerge, with Changsha city as the network node. Fourthly, not frequently did the flow path change for the flowing people with working purpose, and there was labor force backflow phenomenon. Furthermore, from subjective and objective perspective, this article puts forward a dynamic mechanism model of urban and rural population mobility, named ＂four force＂ model It thinks the mobility is influenced by all sorts of subjective factors and objective factors, and four force from them, that is external repulsion and attraction and inner motivation and resistance, impact to the purpose of flow, flow rate, residence time, flow direction, flow path, etc. Based on the theoretical model, the paper makes an empirical analysis of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration.