耕地休耕的研究进展与现实借鉴

Research Progress and Realistic Role for Reference in Farmland Fallowing

休耕作为土地利用的一种方式,具有悠久的历史.而作为土地利用制度已在欧美、日本等国家取得丰硕的研究成果.运用文献研究和比较研究方法,从休耕制度目标、休耕申请程序与机制、休耕规模和空间布局、休耕影响与效益评价和我国休耕的区域实践等方面进行了学术回顾并总结了各国休耕经验和制度特征.结果发现:1这些经验和制度均对我国即将实施的休耕制度提供了逻辑起点和制度借鉴,但我国在申请程序、技术、补偿和监督等方面的研究仍需加强;2目前我国应在积极借鉴已有研究成果与实践经验的基础上,探索符合国情的耕地休耕制度;尤其是在推行休耕制度过程中需审慎评估实行耕地休耕对粮食安全的积极作用和消极影响,结合我国耕地细碎化和小农经济特征设计休耕制度体系,休耕模式的设计需因地制宜、实现区域差异化.

Fallowing as a way of farmland use has a long history.Research on fallowing as a system of farmland use has gained substantial achievements in the United States of America,European countries and Japan.Adopting the literature research and comparative research methods,this paper presents a review of previous studies on such aspects of fallowing system as the goal of fallowing,application procedures and mechanisms for fallowing,the scale and spatial distribution of fallowing,fallowing benefit evaluation and empirical research on regional fallowing in the mainland of China,and summarizes the fallowing experience and system features of various countries.It is found that（1） the experience and system features have provided a logical starting point and system reference for fallowing system that is expected to be implemented in our country,but explorations on application procedures,technologies,compensation and supervision remain to be enhanced;（2） by recourse to extant achievements and practical experience,our country currently still needs to explore a fallowing system for farmland that suits our national situations.Especially in the implementation of fallowing system,prudent evaluation of positive and negative effects of farmland fallowing on food security should be carried out,and the system must be designed taking into consideration factors including scattered farmlands and small-scale peasant economy in our country,and the fallowing mode is also required to be adjusted to local conditions and regionalized.