重庆市突发环境事件时空格局及影响研究

Spatial and Temporal Changes of Emergent Environmental Accident and Impact Factors in Chongqing

基于2009年-2015年重庆市突发环境事件统计数据,研究了重庆市近7年突发环境事件的动态变化趋势、空间分布格局及污染影响特征,讨论了引发突发环境事件内外部因素之间的关系。结果表明:重庆市7年内共发生突发环境事件134起,且呈波动下降趋势,春季和夏季为交通事故和自然灾害高发期;突发环境事件空间上主要集中在主城九区及相邻的区县,渝西、渝东南及渝东北各区县发生次数较少。道路交通事故、设备故障和操作不当是导致突发环境事件的主要因素,主要发生形式为泄漏。污染类型主要为水污染和水气复合污染,污染物出现频率大小为:油类>酸碱类>液氨>苯及其化合物>减水剂>其他各种污染物。

Based on the emergent environmental accident data from 2009 to 2015 in Chongqing, dynamic change trend, spatial distribution, pollution characteristics and impact factors of accident were analyzed by using GIS, system cluster analysis and descriptive statistics methods. The result shows that 134 emergent environmental accidents occurred during 2009 and 2015, which generally presented a downward trend. These accidents mainly centralized in nine districts of main city and adjacent counties, while fewer occurred in Southeast and northeast of Chongqing. Accidents and natural disasters usually occur in the spring and summer. Traffic accident, equipment failure and improper operation were the main factors caused environmental emergencies, leakage was the main form of accident, water and composite pollution were the main type of pollution, and the pollutants appearance frequency was in the order oils 〉 acid, alkal 〉 ammonia 〉 benzene series 〉 water reducing agent 〉 other pollutants.