衰老相关的慢性炎症与胰岛素抵抗的研究进展

Research progress of age-related inflammation and insulin resistance

慢性炎症是衰老和衰老相关疾病的一个主要发病风险因素,而胰岛素抵抗也在衰老过程中发挥作用。慢性炎症通过损害正常的脂质分布、脂肪组织功能、线粒体功能以及内质网应激引起胰岛素抵抗。脂肪组织的异常分布又可引起慢性炎症,慢性炎症进一步加剧胰岛素抵抗,慢性炎症和胰岛素抵抗相互作用可加速衰老过程。然而,一些研究表明,胰岛素抵抗本身也增加慢性炎症的作用。其中胰岛素依赖Akt信号传导通路的活性特别重要,因为它在胰岛素敏感器官如肝脏和肌肉中分布减少,并在非代谢器官如肾和主动脉中分布增加,原因可能是胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症。

Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for aging and senescence-related diseases, and insulin resistance also plays a role in the process of aging. Chronic inflammation impairs lipid accumulation, adipose tissue function, mitochondrial function, and causes endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress, and all of these lead to insulin resistance. However, evidence shows that abnormal distribution of adipose tissue also causes chronic inflammation, while chronic inflammation further aggravates insulin resistance. Their interactions accelerates the aging process. However, some studies indicate that insulin resistance itself amplifies chronic inflammation.The activity of the insulin-dependent Akt signaling pathway is of importance due to its decrease in insulin-sensitive organs, like the liver and muscle, and its increase in non-metabolic organs, such as the kidneys and aorta,which may underlie insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.