生物炭对两种典型植烟土壤养分、碳库及烤烟产质量的影响

Effects of Biochar on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco and Nutrients and Carbon Pool in Two Typical Soils Planted with Tobacco

为探讨生物炭对江西植烟土壤肥力和烤烟致香物的影响,2015年在江西省信丰县西牛镇进行水稻土和紫色土田间试验,生物炭穴施增施量设置为T1(0 kg hm^(-2))、T2(450 kg hm^(-2))、T3(900 kg hm^(-2))、T4(1350 kg hm^(-2))、T5(1800 kg hm^(-2))五个水平。结果表明:(1)增施生物炭后,水稻土和紫色土速效养分含量,全碳、有机碳、水溶性碳、C/N都有所增加。(2)水稻土pH随着生物炭施用量的增加而增加,T2降低了紫色土pH。(3)增施生物炭提高了紫色土易氧化态碳含量和碳库管理指数,以T2处理效果最为显著,水稻土除T3处理外,其他处理易氧化态碳含量和碳库管理指数均低于T1处理。(4)增施生物炭提高了水稻土有机碳氧化稳定性,降低了紫色土有机碳有机碳氧化稳定性,生物炭在水稻土中更加稳定。(5)施用生物炭对两种土壤不同部位烟叶中性致香物影响不同。(6)施用生物炭后水稻土和紫色土烤烟分别最高增产52.94%和122.75%。综上所述,在水稻土和紫色土中增施生物炭可以提高土壤质量和烤烟产质量,分别以常规施肥增施900 kg hm^(-2)和450 kg hm^(-2)时效果最好。

In order to explore the influence of biochar on soil fertility in soil planted with tobacco and aroma content of tobacco, a field experiment was carried out in paddy soil and purple soil in Xiniu Town, Xinfeng County, Jiangxi Province in 2015. There were five treatments with different amounts of biochar （T1： 0 kg hm^-2; T2：450 kg hm^-2; T3： 900 kg hm^-2; T4：1350 kg hm^-2; T5：1800 kg hm^-2）. The results showed that： （1） Adding biochar increased the content of available nutrient, total carbon, organic carbon, water soluble organic carbon and the ratio of C / N in paddy soil and purple soil. （2） With the increase of biochar, the pH value was increased in paddy soil and decreased in purple soil in treatment T2. （3） Adding hiochar enhanced the content of readily oxidizable carbon and carbon pool management index in purple soil, especially in T2 treatment （P 〈 0.05）. The readily oxidizable carbon content and carbon management index were lower in T2, T4 and T5 treatments than in T1 treatment of paddy soil. （4） The stability of soil organic carbon was improved in paddy soil and reduced in purple soil after the application of biochar. And biochar was more stable in paddy soil than in purple soil. （5） There were significant differences in the neutral aroma of different parts of tobacco in two soils with application of hiochar. （6） The yield of flue-cured tobacco in paddy soil and purple soil was increased by 52.94% and 122.75%, respectively, after applying biochar. In conclusion, adding biochar to paddy soil and purple soil can improve soil quality, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, particularly in conventional fertilization with biochar amount of 900 kg hm^-2 or 450 kg hm^-2.